[{"collection_subject_count":88,"data_usage":"Secondary Analysis","description":"Background: Maternal distress is associated with an increased risk for adverse emotional development in infants, including difficulties with emotion regulation. Prenatal maternal distress has been associated with alterations in infant brain development. However, less is known about these associations with postnatal maternal distress, despite this being an important modifiable risk factor that can promote healthy brain development and emotional outcomes in infants.\n\nMethods & results: Infants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mothers completed standardized questionnaires concerning their levels of perceived distress 2-5 months postpartum. Infant emotion regulation was assessed at 8-11 months via maternal report. When examining the associations between maternal distress and infant macrostructure, maternal anxiety was associated with infant right pallidum volumes. Increased display of negative emotions at 8-11 months of age was associated with smaller hippocampal volumes and this association was stronger in girls than boys.\n\nConclusion: Findings suggest that postnatal maternal distress may be associated with early infant brain development and emphasize the importance of maternal mental health, supporting previous work. Furthermore, macrostructural properties of infant subcortical structures may be further investigated as potential biomarkers to identify infants at risk of adverse emotional outcomes.","doi":"10.15154/ktat-qk15","id":2288,"state":"Shared","study_subject_count":88,"title":"Postnatal maternal distress, infant subcortical brain macrostructure and emotional regulation "},{"collection_subject_count":29,"data_usage":"Secondary Analysis","description":"Newborns produce spontaneous movements during sleep that are functionally important for their future development.\r\nThis nuance has been previously studied using animal models and more recently using movement data from sleep\r\nresting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scans. Age-related trajectory of statistical features of spontaneous movements of the head\r\nis under-examined. This study quantitatively mapped a developmental trajectory of spontaneous head movements\r\nduring an rs-fMRI scan acquired during natural sleep in 91 datasets from healthy children from ~birth to 3 years old,\r\nusing the Open Science Infancy Research upcycling protocol. The youngest participants studied, 2-3 week-old\r\nneonates, showed increased noise-to-signal levels as well as lower symmetry features of their movements; noise-tosignal\r\nlevels were attenuated and symmetry was increased in the older infants and toddlers (all Spearman’s rank-order\r\ncorrelations, P< 0.05). Thus, statistical features of spontaneous head movements become more symmetrical and less\r\nnoisy from birth to ~3 years in children. Because spontaneous movements during sleep in early life may trigger new\r\nneuronal activity in the cortex, the key outstanding question for in-vivo, non-invasive neuroimaging studies in young\r\nchildren is not “How can we correct head movement better?” but rather: How can we represent all important sources of\r\nneuronal activity that shape functional connections in the still-developing human central nervous system?","doi":"10.15154/1503677","id":668,"state":"Shared","study_subject_count":86,"title":"Age attenuates noise and increases symmetry of head movements during sleep resting-state fMRI in healthy neonates, infants, and toddlers"}]