NIMH Data Archive - Data

Genomics

Neuroimaging

Phenotype¹

New Trial
Clinical Trial

¹ Numbers reported are subjects by age

New Project
Grant/Project Number

Format should be in the following format: Activity Code, Institute Abbreviation, and Serial Number. Grant Type, Support Year, and Suffix should be excluded. For example, grant 1R01MH123456-01A1 should be entered R01MH123456

Collection - Use Existing Experiment

To associate an experiment to the current collection, just select an axperiment from the table below then click the associate experiment button to persist your changes (saving the collection is not required). Note that once an experiment has been associated to two or more collections, the experiment will not longer be editable.

The table search feature is case insensitive and targets the experiment id, experiment name and experiment type columns. The experiment id is searched only when the search term entered is a number, and filtered using a startsWith comparison. When the search term is not numeric the experiment name is used to filter the results.

Select	Experiment Id	Experiment Name	Experiment Type	Created On

24	HI-NGS_R1	Omics	02/16/2011
475	MB1-10 (CHOP)	Omics	06/07/2016
490	Discovery and CRISPR validation of genetic factors associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain and cardiometabolic risk	Omics	07/07/2016
501	PharmacoBOLD Resting State	fMRI	07/27/2016
506	PVPREF	Omics	08/05/2016
509	ABC-CT Resting v2	EEG	08/18/2016
13	Comparison of FI expression in Autistic and Neurotypical Homo Sapiens	Omics	12/28/2010
18	AGRE/Broad Affymetrix 5.0 Genotype Experiment	Omics	01/06/2011
22	Stitching PCR Sequencing	Omics	02/14/2011
26	ASD_Methylation	Omics	03/01/2011
29	Microarray family 03 (father, mother, sibling)	Omics	03/24/2011
37	Standard paired-end sequencing of BCRs	Omics	04/19/2011
38	Illumina Mate-Pair BCR sequencing	Omics	04/19/2011
39	Custom Jumping Libraries	Omics	04/19/2011
40	Custom CapBP	Omics	04/19/2011
41	Immunofluorescence	Omics	05/11/2011
43	Autism brain sample genotyping, Illumina	Omics	05/16/2011
47	ARRA Autism Sequencing Collaboration at Baylor. SOLiD 4 System	Omics	08/01/2011
53	AGRE Omni1-quad	Omics	10/11/2011
59	AGP genotyping	Omics	04/03/2012
60	Ultradeep 454 sequencing of synaptic genes from postmortem cerebella of individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls	Omics	06/23/2012
63	Microemulsion PCR and Targeted Resequencing for Variant Detection in ASD	Omics	07/20/2012
76	Whole Genome Sequencing in Autism Families	Omics	01/03/2013
519	Resting	fMRI	11/08/2016
90	Genotyped IAN Samples	Omics	07/09/2013
91	NJLAGS Axiom Genotyping Array	Omics	07/16/2013
93	AGP genotyping (CNV)	Omics	09/06/2013
106	Longitudinal Sleep Study. H20 200. Channel set 2	EEG	11/07/2013
107	Longitudinal Sleep Study. H20 200. Channel set 3	EEG	11/07/2013
108	Longitudinal Sleep Study. AURA 200	EEG	11/07/2013
105	Longitudinal Sleep Study. H20 200. Channel set 1	EEG	11/07/2013
109	Longitudinal Sleep Study. AURA 400	EEG	11/07/2013
116	Gene Expression Analysis WG-6	Omics	01/07/2014
131	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Charlie Brown and Sesame Street - Project 1	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
132	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Animacy - Project 1	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
133	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Mom Stranger - Project 2	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
134	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Face Emotion - Project 3	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
145	AGRE/FMR1_Illumina.JHU	Omics	04/14/2014
146	AGRE/MECP2_Sanger.JHU	Omics	04/14/2014
147	AGRE/MECP2_Junior.JHU	Omics	04/14/2014
151	Candidate Gene Identification in familial Autism	Omics	06/09/2014
152	NJLAGS Whole Genome Sequencing	Omics	07/01/2014
154	Math Autism Study - Vinod Menon	fMRI	07/15/2014
155	Resting	fMRI	07/25/2014
156	Speech	fMRI	07/25/2014
159	Emotion	fMRI	07/25/2014
160	syllable contrast	EEG	07/29/2014
167	School-age naturalistic stimuli	Eye Tracking	09/19/2014
44	AGRE/Broad Affymetrix 5.0 Genotype Experiment	Omics	06/27/2011
45	Exome Sequencing of 20 Sporadic Cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder	Omics	07/15/2011

Collection - Add Experiment

Add Supporting Documentation

Funding Source:
URL:

To add an existing Data Structure, enter its title in the search bar. If you need to request changes, select the indicator "No, it requires changes to meet research needs" after selecting the Structure, and upload the file with the request changes specific to the selected Data Structure. Your file should follow the Request Changes Procedure. If the Data Structure does not exist, select "Request New Data Structure" and upload the appropriate zip file.

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Please confirm that you will not be enrolling any more subjects and that all raw data has been collected and submitted.

Collection Updated

Your Collection is now in Data Analysis phase and exempt from biannual submissions. Analyzed data is still expected prior to publication or no later than the project end date.

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Accelerated Aging in Women #2885

General
Experiments (1)
Shared Data
Publications (33)
Data Expected (17)
Associated Studies (9)

Collection Title	Collection Investigators	Collection Description
Collection Title:	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Accelerated Aging in Women
Collection Investigators:	Karestan Koenen
Collection Description:	This is a renewal application for R01MH101269, "Assessing causality: Is PTSD Cardiotoxic" and builds on our work in R21MH102570, "PTSD and Cognitive Decline in Women." Results provide compelling evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases risk of many physical health problems. Our data further suggest that PTSD is associated with subtle cognitive deficits that may be early indicators of dementia and developing Alzheimer's disease. Together, our findings suggest adverse systemic effects of PTSD, predisposing women with PTSD to greater susceptibility to multiple diseases of aging. By leveraging and enhancing data with an existing cohort, we aim to address a critical research question Does PTSD accelerate aging in women We propose 3 strategies to address this question, and will draw on data from the Nurses Health Study II (NHSII), with a sub-cohort of 54,282 women followed since 1989 who have data on PTSD and will be 52-69 years at the start of this renewal. First, we will evaluate if PTSD is prospectively associated with patterns of cognitive decline linked to dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Second, we will examine the relation of PTSD with two genomic indicators of accelerated biological aging DNA methylation (DNAm) or the 'epigenetic clock' and shortened leukocyte telomere length (TL) each of which has been linked to age-related health outcomes. Third, we will examine how PTSD influences accelerated aging by examining symptom clusters as well as mediators and modifiers. We will address the following Specific Aims 1) To evaluate prospectively if trauma exposure and/or PTSD severity are associated with cognitive decline; 2) To evaluate longitudinally if trauma exposure and chronic PTSD are associated with 2 well-established genomic markers of aging DNAm (epigenetic clock) and TL shortening and 3) To gain greater insight into how PTSD affects cognitive decline and genomic markers of accelerated aging in order to identify targets for interventions. Evidence that PTSD causes accelerated aging would suggest: (1) effective PTSD treatment may reduce risk of cognitive decline, subsequent dementia, and accelerated aging more broadly; (2) persons with PTSD may benefit from greater surveillance of health risk factors and early interventions to reduce acceleration of the aging process. Learning which cognitive domains and/or genomic biomarkers PTSD alters will provide new opportunities understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder and inform early identification and prevention of accelerated aging in women with PTSD. Taken together, the proposed research advances our understanding of a possible relationship between PTSD and accelerated aging and with risk of cognitive decline and impairment as well as with the pathophysiology of PTSD more broadly.
Data Repository:	NIMH Data Archive
Permission Group:
Collection Creation Date:	02/27/2018
Collection Phase:	Funding Completed
Collection Sub-Phase:	Close Out
Blinded Clinical Trial:	No
Total Funded Amount:	$3,476,720.00
Subjects Shared:	40,987
Collection DOI:	10.15154/79jz-fb81

{"values":[]}

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Funding Sources:

Funding Source Name	Funding Source URL
NIH - Extramural	None

Supporting Documentation:

Grant Information:

Project Number	Title	Start Date	Original End Date	End Date	Planned Enrollment	Actual Enrollment	Organization	Funds Obligated
R01MH101269-04	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Accelerated Aging in Women	09/18/2017	06/30/2022	06/30/2022	0	40956	HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	$3,476,720.00

Clinical Trials:

helpcenter.collection.general-tab

Collection - General Tab

Fields available for edit on the top portion of the page include:

Collection Title
Investigators
Collection Description
Collection Phase
Funding Source
Clinical Trials

Collection Phase: The current status of a research project submitting data to an NDA Collection, based on the timing of the award and/or the data that have been submitted.

Pre-Enrollment: The default entry made when the NDA Collection is created.
Enrolling: Data have been submitted to the NDA Collection or the NDA Data Expected initial submission date has been reached for at least one data structure category in the NDA Collection.
Data Analysis: Subject level data collection for the research project is completed and has been submitted to the NDA Collection. The NDA Collection owner or the NDA Help Desk may set this phase when they’ve confirmed data submission is complete and submitted subject counts match at least 90% of the target enrollment numbers in the NDA Data Expected. Data submission reminders will be turned off for the NDA Collection.
Funding Completed: The NIH grant award (or awards) associated with the NDA Collection has reached its end date. NDA Collections in Funding Completed phase are assigned a subphase to indicate the status of data submission.
- The Data Expected Subphase indicates that NDA expects more data will be submitted
- The Closeout Subphase indicates the data submission is complete.
- The Sharing Not Met Subphase indicates that data submission was not completed as expected.

Blinded Clinical Trial Status:

This status is set by a Collection Owner and indicates the research project is a double blinded clinical trial. When selected, the public view of Data Expected will show the Data Expected items and the Submission Dates, but the targeted enrollment and subjects submitted counts will not be displayed.
Targeted enrollment and subjects submitted counts are visible only to NDA Administrators and to the NDA Collection or as the NDA Collection Owner.
When an NDA Collection that is flagged Blinded Clinical Trial reaches the maximum data sharing date for that Data Repository (see https://nda.nih.gov/nda/sharing-regimen.html), the embargo on Data Expected information is released.

Funding Source

The organization(s) responsible for providing the funding is listed here.

Supporting Documentation

Users with Submission privileges, as well as Collection Owners, Program Officers, and those with Administrator privileges, may upload and attach supporting documentation. By default, supporting documentation is shared to the general public, however, the option is also available to limit this information to qualified researchers only.

Grant Information

Identifiable details are displayed about the Project of which the Collection was derived from. You may click in the Project Number to view a full report of the Project captured by the NIH.

Clinical Trials

Any data that is collected to support or further the research of clinical studies will be available here. Collection Owners and those with Administrator privileges may add new clinical trials.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does the NIMH Data Archive (NDA) determine which Permission Group data are submitted into?

During Collection creation, NDA staff determine the appropriate Permission Group based on the type of data to be submitted, the type of access that will be available to data access users, and the information provided by the Program Officer during grant award.
How do I know when a NDA Collection has been created?

When a Collection is created by NDA staff, an email notification will automatically be sent to the PI(s) of the grant(s) associated with the Collection to notify them.
Is a single grant number ever associated with more than one Collection?

The NDA system does not allow for a single grant to be associated with more than one Collection; therefore, a single grant will not be listed in the Grant Information section of a Collection for more than one Collection.
Why is there sometimes more than one grant included in a Collection?

In general, each Collection is associated with only one grant; however, multiple grants may be associated if the grant has multiple competing segments for the same grant number or if multiple different grants are all working on the same project and it makes sense to hold the data in one Collection (e.g., Cooperative Agreements).

Glossary

Administrator Privilege

A privilege provided to a user associated with an NDA Collection or NDA Study whereby that user can perform a full range of actions including providing privileges to other users.
Collection Owner

Generally, the Collection Owner is the contact PI listed on a grant. Only one NDA user is listed as the Collection owner. Most automated emails are primarily sent to the Collection Owner.
Collection Phase
The Collection Phase provides information on data submission as opposed to grant/project completion so while the Collection phase and grant/project phase may be closely related they are often different. Collection users with Administrative Privileges are encouraged to edit the Collection Phase. The Program Officer as listed in eRA (for NIH funded grants) may also edit this field. Changes must be saved by clicking the Save button at the bottom of the page. This field is sortable alphabetically in ascending or descending order. Collection Phase options include:
- Pre-Enrollment: A grant/project has started, but has not yet enrolled subjects.
- Enrolling: A grant/project has begun enrolling subjects. Data submission is likely ongoing at this point.
- Data Analysis: A grant/project has completed enrolling subjects and has completed all data submissions.
- Funding Completed: A grant/project has reached the project end date.
Collection Title

An editable field with the title of the Collection, which is often the title of the grant associated with the Collection.
Grant

Provides the grant number(s) for the grant(s) associated with the Collection. The field is a hyperlink so clicking on the Grant number will direct the user to the grant information in the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT) page.
Supporting Documentation

Various documents and materials to enable efficient use of the data by investigators unfamiliar with the project and may include the research protocol, questionnaires, and study manuals.
NIH Research Initiative

NDA Collections may be organized by scientific similarity into NIH Research Initiatives, to facilitate query tool user experience. NIH Research Initiatives map to one or multiple Funding Opportunity Announcements.
Permission Group

Access to shared record-level data in NDA is provisioned at the level of a Permission Group. NDA Permission Groups consist of one or multiple NDA Collections that contain data with the same subject consents.
Planned Enrollment

Number of human subject participants to be enrolled in an NIH-funded clinical research study. The data is provided in competing applications and annual progress reports.
Actual Enrollment

Number of human subjects enrolled in an NIH-funded clinical research study. The data is provided in annual progress reports.
NDA Collection

A virtual container and organization structure for data and associated documentation from one grant or one large project/consortium. It contains tools for tracking data submission and allows investigators to define a wide array of other elements that provide context for the data, including all general information regarding the data and source project, experimental parameters used to collect any event-based data contained in the Collection, methods, and other supporting documentation. They also allow investigators to link underlying data to an NDA Study, defining populations and subpopulations specific to research aims.
Data Use Limitations

Data Use Limitations (DULs) describe the appropriate secondary use of a dataset and are based on the original informed consent of a research participant. NDA only accepts consent-based data use limitations defined by the NIH Office of Science Policy.
Total Subjects Shared

The total number of unique subjects for whom data have been shared and are available for users with permission to access data.

Contact NDA Help Desk

ID	Name	Created Date	Status	Type
2702	PTSD and epigenetic markers of aging in the Nurses' Health Study II	10/09/2024	Approved	Omics

helpcenter.collection.experiments-tab

Collection - Experiments

The number of Experiments included is displayed in parentheses next to the tab name. You may download all experiments associated with the Collection via the Download button. You may view individual experiments by clicking the Experiment Name and add them to the Filter Cart via the Add to Cart button.

Collection Owners, Program Officers, and users with Submission or Administrative Privileges for the Collection may create or edit an Experiment.

Please note: The creation of an NDA Experiment does not necessarily mean that data collected, according to the defined Experiment, has been submitted or shared.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can an Experiment be associated with more than one Collection?
Yes -see the “Copy” button in the bottom left when viewing an experiment. There are two actions that can be performed via this button:
1. Copy the experiment with intent for modifications.
2. Associate the experiment to the collection. No modifications can be made to the experiment.

Glossary

Experiment Status

An Experiment must be Approved before data using the associated Experiment_ID may be uploaded.
Experiment ID

The ID number automatically generated by NDA which must be included in the appropriate file when uploading data to link the Experiment Definition to the subject record.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Shared Data:

Title	Type	Number of Subjects
Brief Trauma Questionnaire	Clinical Assessments	40957
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)	Clinical Assessments	40957
Cogstate Brief Battery	Clinical Assessments	11953
Complementary and Alternative Medical Practice	Clinical Assessments	40957
Demographics	Clinical Assessments	40957
Emotional Regulation Questionnaire	Clinical Assessments	40957
Genomics Subject	Genomics	1000
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5	Clinical Assessments	40957
Psychiatric Treatment History	Clinical Assessments	40957
Research Subject	Clinical Assessments	40987
Satisfaction With Life Scale	Clinical Assessments	40957
TMB Digit Symbol Matching	Clinical Assessments	5780
TMB Gradual Onset Continuous Performance Test	Clinical Assessments	5599
TMB Matrix Reasoning	Clinical Assessments	5959
TMB Multiple Object Tracking	Clinical Assessments	5637
TMB Visual Paired Associates Memory	Clinical Assessments	5735
TMB Vocabulary	Clinical Assessments	5611

helpcenter.collection.shared-data-tab

Collection - Shared Data

This tab provides a quick overview of the Data Structure title, Data Type, and Number of Subjects that are currently Shared for the Collection. The information presented in this tab is automatically generated by NDA and cannot be edited. If no information is visible on this tab, this would indicate the Collection does not have shared data or the data is private.

The shared data is available to other researchers who have permission to access data in the Collection's designated Permission Group(s). Use the Download button to get all shared data from the Collection to the Filter Cart.

Frequently Asked Questions

How will I know if another researcher uses data that I shared through the NIMH Data Archive (NDA)?

To see what data your project have submitted are being used by a study, simply go the Associated Studies tab of your collection. Alternatively, you may review an NDA Study Attribution Report available on the General tab.
Can I get a supplement to share data from a completed research project?

Often it becomes more difficult to organize and format data electronically after the project has been completed and the information needed to create a GUID may not be available; however, you may still contact a program staff member at the appropriate funding institution for more information.
Can I get a supplement to share data from a research project that is still ongoing?

Unlike completed projects where researchers may not have the information needed to create a GUID and/or where the effort needed to organize and format data becomes prohibitive, ongoing projects have more of an opportunity to overcome these challenges. Please contact a program staff member at the appropriate funding institution for more information.

Glossary

Data Structure

A defined organization and group of Data Elements to represent an electronic definition of a measure, assessment, questionnaire, or collection of data points. Data structures that have been defined in the NDA Data Dictionary are available at https://nda.nih.gov/general-query.html?q=query=data-structure
Data Type

A grouping of data by similar characteristics such as Clinical Assessments, Omics, or Neurosignal data.
Shared

The term 'Shared' generally means available to others; however, there are some slightly different meanings based on what is Shared. A Shared NDA Study is viewable and searchable publicly regardless of the user's role or whether the user has an NDA account. A Shared NDA Study does not necessarily mean that data used in the NDA Study have been shared as this is independently determined. Data are shared according the schedule defined in a Collection's Data Expected Tab and/or in accordance with data sharing expectations in the NDA Data Sharing Terms and Conditions. Additionally, Supporting Documentation uploaded to a Collection may be shared independent of whether data are shared.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Collection Owners and those with Collection Administrator permission, may edit a collection. The following is currently available for Edit on this page:

Publications

Publications relevant to NDA data are listed below. Most displayed publications have been associated with the grant within Pubmed. Use the "+ New Publication" button to add new publications. Publications relevant/not relevant to data expected are categorized. Relevant publications are then linked to the underlying data by selecting the Create Study link. Study provides the ability to define cohorts, assign subjects, define outcome measures and lists the study type, data analysis and results. Analyzed data and results are expected in this way.

PubMed ID	Study	Title	Journal	Authors	Date	Status
40785542	Create Study	Experiences of Stalking and Obtaining a Restraining Order Are Associated With Onset of Cardiovascular Events in Women: A Prospective Analysis in the Nurses'' Health Study II.	Circulation	Lawn, Rebecca B; Murchland, Audrey R; Thurston, Rebecca C; Marquez, Camille; Jakubowski, Karen; Sampson, Laura; Sumner, Jennifer A; Kubzansky, Laura D; Koenen, Karestan C	September 2, 2025	Not Determined
40454656	Create Study	I can''t believe you don''t have a box for this: ''other'' events and posttraumatic stress symptoms among women.	European journal of psychotraumatology	Scoglio, Arielle A J; Sampson, Laura; Kim, Ariel H; Serier, Kelsey N; Marquez, Camille Ianne; Jha, Shaili C; Koenen, Karestan C	December 1, 2025	Not Determined
40336460	Create Study	Psychological Distress and Cognitive Function in Women: Exploring Potential Mediation by Use of Opiates, Sleep Aids, or Minor Tranquilizers.	Journal of women''s health (2002)	Sampson, Laura; Lawn, Rebecca B; Murchland, Audrey R; Liu, Jiaxuan; Marquez, Camille I D; Scoglio, Arielle A J; Jha, Shaili C; Sumner, Jennifer A; Roberts, Andrea L; Kang, Jae H; Chibnik, Lori B; Koenen, Karestan C; Kubzansky, Laura D	July 1, 2025	Not Determined
40318131	Create Study	Intimate partner violence and cognitive functioning - toward quantifying dementia risk.	Alzheimer''s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer''s Association	Murchland, Audrey R; Haneuse, Sebastien; Lawn, Rebecca B; Berkman, Lisa; Jakubowski, Karen; Glymour, M Maria; Koenen, Karestan C	May 1, 2025	Not Determined
40244583	Create Study	COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Exposures and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Women.	JAMA network open	Wang, Siwen; Menor, Anthony; Chibnik, Lori B; Kang, Jae H; Vyas, Chirag M; Blacker, Deborah L; Kubzansky, Laura D; Koenen, Karestan C; Roberts, Andrea L	April 1, 2025	Not Determined
40211014	Create Study	Childhood or adolescent abuse and primary open-angle glaucoma in a longitudinal cohort of women.	Eye (London, England)	Yu, Megan; Hwang, Hannah H; Roberts, Andrea L; Koenen, Karestan C; Wiggs, Janey L; Pasquale, Louis R; Kang, Jae H	July 1, 2025	Not Determined
40073790	Create Study	Psychological resilience to trauma and longitudinal sleep outcomes among current and former nurses.	Journal of psychosomatic research	Sampson, Laura; Scoglio, Arielle A J; Nishimi, Kristen; Choi, Karmel W; Kim, Ariel H; Zhu, Yiwen; Sun, Qi; Kang, Jae Hee; Rimm, Eric B; Koenen, Karestan C; Kubzansky, Laura D	May 1, 2025	Not Determined
39863036	Create Study	Menstrual cycle characteristics across the reproductive lifespan and cognitive function in midlife women.	American journal of obstetrics and gynecology	Soria-Contreras, Diana C; Wang, Siwen; Mitsunami, Makiko; Liu, Jiaxuan; Lawn, Rebecca B; Shifren, Jan L; Purdue-Smithe, Alexandra C; Oken, Emily; Chavarro, Jorge E	August 1, 2025	Not Determined
39424013	Create Study	No association of posttraumatic stress disorder with epigenetic aging in women at mid-life: A longitudinal cohort study.	Brain, behavior, and immunity	Roberts, Andrea L; Ratanatharathorn, Andrew; Chibnik, Lori; Zhu, Yiwen; Jha, Shaili; Kang, Jae H; Wolf, Erika J; Kubzansky, Laura D; Koenen, Karestan C	January 1, 2025	Not Determined
39240352	Create Study	Lifetime history of gestational diabetes and cognitive function in parous women in midlife.	Diabetologia	Soria-Contreras, Diana C; Wang, Siwen; Liu, Jiaxuan; Lawn, Rebecca B; Mitsunami, Makiko; Purdue-Smithe, Alexandra C; Zhang, Cuilin; Oken, Emily; Chavarro, Jorge E	January 1, 2025	Not Determined
38573019	Create Study	Prepandemic Resilience to Trauma and COVID-19 Infection in Older Women.	Psychosomatic medicine	Scoglio, Arielle A J; Choi, Karmel W; Nishimi, Kristen; Sampson, Laura; Koenen, Karestan C; Roberts, Andrea L; Jha, Shaili; Kubzansky, Laura D	September 1, 2024	Not Determined
37689277	Create Study	The emerging role of the gut microbiome in posttraumatic stress disorder.	Brain, behavior, and immunity	Ke, Shanlin; Hartmann, Jakob; Ressler, Kerry J; Liu, Yang-Yu; Koenen, Karestan C	November 1, 2023	Not Determined
37577959	Create Study	Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom remission and cognition in a large cohort of civilian women.	Psychological medicine	Liu, Jiaxuan; Roberts, Andrea L; Lawn, Rebecca B; Jha, Shaili C; Sampson, Laura; Sumner, Jennifer A; Kang, Jae H; Rimm, Eric B; Grodstein, Francine; Liang, Liming; Haneuse, Sebastien; Kubzansky, Laura D; Koenen, Karestan C; Chibnik, Lori B	January 1, 2024	Not Determined
37013617	Create Study	Associations between health behaviours, fertility and reproductive outcomes: triangulation of evidence in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).	BMC medicine	Wootton, Robyn E; Lawn, Rebecca B; Magnus, Maria C; Treur, Jorien L; Corfield, Elizabeth C; Njølstad, Pål R; Andreassen, Ole A; Lawlor, Deborah A; Munafò, Marcus R; Håberg, Siri E; Davey Smith, George; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted; Magnus, Per; Havdahl, Alexandra	April 3, 2023	Not Determined
36169684	Create Study	Pre-pandemic resilience to trauma and mental health outcomes during COVID-19.	Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology	Choi, Karmel W; Nishimi, Kristen; Jha, Shaili C; Sampson, Laura; Hahn, Jill; Kang, Jae H; Koenen, Karestan C; Kubzansky, Laura D	March 1, 2023	Not Determined
35771577	Create Study	Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Accelerated Cognitive Decline in Middle-aged Women.	JAMA network open	Roberts, Andrea L; Liu, Jiaxuan; Lawn, Rebecca B; Jha, Shaili C; Sumner, Jennifer A; Kang, Jae H; Rimm, Eric B; Grodstein, Francine; Kubzansky, Laura D; Chibnik, Lori B; Koenen, Karestan C	June 1, 2022	Not Determined
35644086	Create Study	Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and timing of menopause and gynecological surgery in the Nurses'' Health Study II.	Journal of psychosomatic research	Nishimi, Kristen; Thurston, Rebecca C; Chibnik, Lori B; Roberts, Andrea L; Sumner, Jennifer A; Lawn, Rebecca B; Tworoger, Shelley S; Kim, Yongjoo; Koenen, Karestan C; Kubzansky, Laura D	August 1, 2022	Not Determined
35189695	Create Study	Sexual Violence and Risk of Hypertension in Women in the Nurses'' Health Study II: A 7-Year Prospective Analysis.	Journal of the American Heart Association	Lawn, Rebecca B; Nishimi, Kristen M; Sumner, Jennifer A; Chibnik, Lori B; Roberts, Andrea L; Kubzansky, Laura D; Rich-Edwards, Janet W; Koenen, Karestan C; Thurston, Rebecca C	March 1, 2022	Not Determined
34970809	Create Study	The association of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and head injury with mid-life cognitive function in civilian women.	Depression and anxiety	Lawn, Rebecca B; Jha, Shaili C; Liu, Jiaxuan; Sampson, Laura; Murchland, Audrey R; Sumner, Jennifer A; Roberts, Andrea L; Disner, Seth G; Grodstein, Francine; Kang, Jae H; Kubzansky, Laura D; Chibnik, Lori B; Koenen, Karestan C	March 1, 2022	Not Determined
34916131	Create Study	Trauma, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Treatment Among Middle-Aged and Older Women in the Nurses'' Health Study II.	The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry	Sampson, Laura; Jha, Shaili C; Roberts, Andrea L; Lawn, Rebecca B; Nishimi, Kristen M; Ratanatharathorn, Andrew; Sumner, Jennifer A; Kang, Jae H; Kubzansky, Laura D; Rimm, Eric B; Koenen, Karestan C	May 1, 2022	Not Determined
34668974	Create Study	Marginal Structural Models for Life-Course Theories and Social Epidemiology: Definitions, Sources of Bias, and Simulated Illustrations.	American journal of epidemiology	Gilsanz, Paola; Young, Jessica G; Glymour, M Maria; Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J; Eng, Chloe W; Koenen, Karestan C; Kubzansky, Laura D	January 24, 2022	Not Determined
34553332	Create Study	Sexual assault and white matter hyperintensities among midlife women.	Brain imaging and behavior	Thurston, Rebecca C; Jakubowski, Karen P; Wu, Minjie; Aizenstein, Howard J; Chang, Yuefang; Derby, Carol A; Koenen, Karestan C; Barinas-Mitchell, Emma; Maki, Pauline M	April 1, 2022	Not Determined
34309239	Create Study	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Medicaid Recipients.	Arthritis care & research	Case, Siobhan M; Feldman, Candace H; Guan, Hongshu; Stevens, Emma; Kubzansky, Laura D; Koenen, Karestan C; Costenbader, Karen H	January 1, 2023	Not Determined
34217044	Create Study	Associations of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder with aldosterone in women.	Psychoneuroendocrinology	Nishimi, Kristen; Adler, Gail K; Roberts, Andrea L; Sumner, Jennifer A; Jung, Sun Jae; Chen, Qixuan; Tworoger, Shelley; Koenen, Karestan C; Kubzansky, Laura D	October 1, 2021	Not Determined
33619993	Create Study	Sexual Assault and Carotid Plaque Among Midlife Women.	Journal of the American Heart Association	Thurston, Rebecca C; Jakubowski, Karen; Chang, Yuefang; Koenen, Karestan; Maki, Pauline M; Barinas Mitchell, Emma	February 1, 2021	Not Determined
33355196	Create Study	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Likelihood of Hormone Therapy Use among Women in the Nurses'' Health Study II: A 26-Year Prospective Analysis.	Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology	Lawn, Rebecca B; Nishimi, Kristen M; Kim, Yongjoo; Jung, Sun Jae; Roberts, Andrea L; Sumner, Jennifer A; Thurston, Rebecca C; Chibnik, Lori B; Rimm, Eric B; Ratanatharathorn, Andrew D; Jha, Shaili C; Koenen, Karestan C; Tworoger, Shelley S; Kubzansky, Laura D	March 1, 2021	Not Determined
33275156	Create Study	Association of Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms With Mortality in Women.	JAMA network open	Roberts, Andrea L; Kubzansky, Laura D; Chibnik, Lori B; Rimm, Eric B; Koenen, Karestan C	December 1, 2020	Not Determined
33161764	Create Study	Childhood Abuse and Cognitive Function in a Large Cohort of Middle-Aged Women.	Child maltreatment	Roberts, Andrea L; Sumner, Jennifer A; Koenen, Karestan C; Kubzansky, Laura D; Grodstein, Francine; Rich-Edwards, Janet; Weisskopf, Marc G	February 1, 2022	Not Determined
31932029	Create Study	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Inflammation: Untangling Issues of Bidirectionality.	Biological psychiatry	Sumner, Jennifer A; Nishimi, Kristen M; Koenen, Karestan C; Roberts, Andrea L; Kubzansky, Laura D	May 15, 2020	Not Determined
31863020	Create Study	Literature review and methodological considerations for understanding circulating risk biomarkers following trauma exposure.	Molecular psychiatry	Linnstaedt, Sarah D; Zannas, Anthony S; McLean, Samuel A; Koenen, Karestan C; Ressler, Kerry J	September 1, 2020	Not Determined
30606272	Create Study	Not all posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms are equal: fear, dysphoria, and risk of developing hypertension in trauma-exposed women.	Psychological medicine	Sumner, Jennifer A; Kubzansky, Laura D; Roberts, Andrea L; Chen, Qixuan; Rimm, Eric B; Koenen, Karestan C	January 1, 2020	Not Determined
29157934	Create Study	Posttraumatic stress disorder onset and inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in women.	Brain, behavior, and immunity	Sumner JA, Chen Q, Roberts AL, Winning A, Rimm EB, Gilsanz P, Glymour MM, Tworoger SS, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD	November 2017	Not Determined
28778657	Create Study	Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Inflammatory and Endothelial Function Markers in Women.	Biological psychiatry	Sumner JA, Chen Q, Roberts AL, Winning A, Rimm EB, Gilsanz P, Glymour MM, Tworoger SS, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD	December 2017	Not Determined

helpcenter.collection.publications-tab

Collection - Publications

The number of Publications is displayed in parentheses next to the tab name. Clicking on any of the Publication Titles will open the Publication in a new internet browsing tab.

Collection Owners, Program Officers, and users with Submission or Administrative Privileges for the Collection may mark a publication as either Relevant or Not Relevant in the Status column.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I determine if a publication is relevant?

Publications are considered relevant to a collection when the data shared is directly related to the project or collection.
Where does the NDA get the publications?

PubMed, an online library containing journals, articles, and medical research. Sponsored by NiH and National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Glossary

Create Study

A link to the Create an NDA Study page that can be clicked to start creating an NDA Study with information such as the title, journal and authors automatically populated.
Not Determined Publication

Indicates that the publication has not yet been reviewed and/or marked as Relevant or Not Relevant so it has not been determined whether an NDA Study is expected.
Not Relevant Publication

A publication that is not based on data related to the aims of the grant/project associated with the Collection or not based on any data such as a review article and, therefore, an NDA Study is not expected to be created.
PubMed

PubMed provides citation information for biomedical and life sciences publications and is managed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine.
PubMed ID

The PUBMed ID is the unique ID number for the publication as recorded in the PubMed database.
Relevant Publication

A publication that is based on data related to the aims of the grant/project associated with the Collection and, therefore, an NDA Study is expected to be created.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Data Expected List: Mandatory Data Structures

These data structures are mandatory for your NDA Collection. Please update the Targeted Enrollment number to accurately represent the number of subjects you expect to submit for the entire study.

For NIMH HIV-related research that involves human research participants: Select the dictionary or dictionaries most appropriate for your research. If your research does not require all three data dictionaries, just ignore the ones you do not need. There is no need to delete extra data dictionaries from your NDA Collection. You can adjust the Targeted Enrollment column in the Data Expected tab to “0” for those unnecessary data dictionaries. At least one of the three data dictionaries must have a non-zero value.

Data Expected	Targeted Enrollment	Initial Submission	Subjects Submitted	Initial Share	Subjects Shared	Status
Genomics/omics	1,000	06/30/2022	566	06/30/2023	0	Approved
Research Subject and Pedigree	1	07/15/2018	40,987	11/15/2018	40,987	Approved

To create your project's Data Expected list, use the "+New Data Expected" to add or request existing structures and to request new Data Structures that are not in the NDA Data Dictionary.

If the Structure you need already exists, locate it and specify your dates and enrollment when adding it to your Data Expected list. If you require changes to the Structure you need, select the indicator stating "No, it requires changes to meet research needs," and upload a file containing your requested changes.

If the structure you need is not yet defined in the Data Dictionary, you can select "Upload Definition" and attach the necessary materials to request its creation.

When selecting the expected dates for your data, make sure to follow the standard Data Sharing Regimen and choose dates within the date ranges that correspond to your project start and end dates.

Please visit the Completing Your Data Expected Tutorial for more information.

Data Expected List: Data Structures per Research Aims

These data structures are specific to your research aims and should list all data structures in which data will be collected and submitted for this NDA Collection. Please update the Targeted Enrollment number to accurately represent the number of subjects you expect to submit for the entire study.

Data Expected	Targeted Enrollment	Initial Submission	Subjects Submitted	Initial Share	Subjects Shared	Status
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)	15,000	09/30/2019	40,957	03/02/2020	40,957	Approved
Demographics	15,000	09/30/2019	40,957	03/02/2020	40,957	Approved
Satisfaction with Life Scale	15,000	09/30/2019	40,957	03/02/2020	40,957	Approved
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire	15,000	09/30/2019	40,957	03/02/2020	40,957	Approved
Complementary and Alternative Medical Practice	15,000	09/30/2019	40,957	03/02/2020	40,957	Approved
Questionnaire	15,000	12/01/2021	40,957	04/01/2022	40,957	Approved
TMB Multiple Object Tracking	1,000	06/30/2022	5,637	06/30/2023	5,637	Approved
TMB Digit Symbol Matching	1,000	06/30/2022	5,780	06/30/2023	5,780	Approved
TMB Gradual Onset Continuous Performance Test (TMB GradCPT)	1,000	06/30/2022	5,599	06/30/2023	5,599	Approved
TMB Matrix Reasoning	1,000	06/30/2022	5,959	06/30/2023	5,959	Approved
Cogstate Brief Battery	10,000	06/01/2022	11,953	06/01/2023	11,953	Approved
TMB Visual Paired Associates Memory	1,000	06/30/2022	5,735	06/30/2023	5,735	Approved
Psychiatric Treatment History	15,000	09/30/2019	40,957	03/02/2020	40,957	Approved
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5	15,000	09/30/2019	40,957	03/02/2020	40,957	Approved
TMB Vocabulary	1,000	06/30/2022	5,611	06/30/2023	5,611	Approved

Structure not yet defined

No Status history for this Data Expected has been recorded yet

helpcenter.collection.data-expected-tab

Collection - Data Expected

The Data Expected tab displays the list of all data that NDA expects to receive in association with the Collection as defined by the contributing researcher, as well as the dates for the expected initial upload of the data, and when it is first expected to be shared, or with the research community. Above the primary table of Data Expected, any publications determined to be relevant to the data within the Collection are also displayed - members of the contributing research group can use these to define NDA Studies, connecting those papers to underlying data in NDA.

The tab is used both as a reference for those accessing shared data, providing information on what is expected and when it will be shared, and as the primary tracking mechanism for contributing projects. It is used by both contributing primary researchers, secondary researchers, and NIH Program and Grants Management staff.

Researchers who are starting their project need to update their Data Expected list to include all the Data Structures they are collecting under their grant and set their initial submission and sharing schedule according to the NDA Data Sharing Regimen.

To add existing Data Structures from the Data Dictionary, to request new Data Structure that are not in the Dictionary, or to request changes to existing Data Structures, click "+New Data Expected".

For step-by-step instructions on how to add existing Data Structures, request changes to an existing Structure, or request a new Data Structure, please visit the Completing Your Data Expected Tutorial.

If you are a contributing researcher creating this list for the first time, or making changes to the list as your project progress, please note the following:

Although items you add to the list and changes you make are displayed, they are not committed to the system until you Save the entire page using the "Save" button at the bottom of your screen. Please Save after every change to ensure none of your work is lost.
If you attempt to add a new structure, the title you provide must be unique - if another structure exists with the same name your change will fail.
Adding a new structure to this list is the only way to request the creation of a new Data Dictionary definition.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an NDA Data Structure?

An NDA Data Structure is comprised of multiple Data Elements to make up an electronic definition of an assessment, measure, questionnaire, etc will have a corresponding Data Structure.
What is the NDA Data Dictionary?

The NDA Data Dictionary is comprised of electronic definitions known as Data Structures.

Glossary

Analyzed Data

Data specific to the primary aims of the research being conducted (e.g. outcome measures, other dependent variables, observations, laboratory results, analyzed images, volumetric data, etc.) including processed images.
Data Item

Items listed on the Data Expected list in the Collection which may be an individual and discrete Data Structure, Data Structure Category, or Data Structure Group.
Data Structure

A defined organization and group of Data Elements to represent an electronic definition of a measure, assessment, questionnaire, or collection of data points. Data structures that have been defined in the NDA Data Dictionary are available at https://nda.nih.gov/general-query.html?q=query=data-structure
Data Structure Category

An NDA term describing the affiliation of a Data Structure to a Category, which may be disease/disorder or diagnosis related (Depression, ADHD, Psychosis), specific to data type (MRI, eye tracking, omics), or type of data (physical exam, IQ).
Data Structure Group

A Data Item listed on the Data Expected tab of a Collection that indicates a group of Data Structures (e.g., ADOS or SCID) for which data may be submitted instead of a specific Data Structure identified by version, module, edition, etc. For example, the ADOS Data Structure Category includes every ADOS Data Structure such as ADOS Module 1, ADOS Module 2, ADOS Module 1 - 2nd Edition, etc. The SCID Data Structure Group includes every SCID Data Structure such as SCID Mania, SCID V Mania, SCID PTSD, SCID-V Diagnosis, and more.
Evaluated Data

A new Data Structure category, Evaluated Data is analyzed data resulting from the use of computational pipelines in the Cloud and can be uploaded directly back to a miNDAR database. Evaluated Data is expected to be listed as a Data Item in the Collection's Data Expected Tab.
Imaging Data

Imaging+ is an NDA term which encompasses all imaging related data including, but not limited to, images (DTI, MRI, PET, Structural, Spectroscopy, etc.) as well as neurosignal data (EEG, fMRI, MEG, EGG, eye tracking, etc.) and Evaluated Data.
Initial Share Date

Initial Submission and Initial Share dates should be populated according to the NDA Data Sharing Terms and Conditions. Any modifications to these will go through the approval processes outlined above. Data will be shared with authorized users upon publication (via an NDA Study) or 1-2 years after the grant end date specified on the first Notice of Award, as defined in the applicable Data Sharing Terms and Conditions.
Initial Submission Date

Initial Submission and Initial Share dates should be populated according to these NDA Data Sharing Terms and Conditions. Any modifications to these will go through the approval processes outlined above. Data for all subjects is not expected on the Initial Submission Date and modifications may be made as necessary based on the project's conduct.
Research Subject and Pedigree

An NDA created Data Structure used to convey basic information about the subject such as demographics, pedigree (links family GUIDs), diagnosis/phenotype, and sample location that are critical to allow for easier querying of shared data.
Submission Cycle

The NDA has two Submission Cycles per year - January 15 and July 15.
Submission Exemption

An interface to notify NDA that data may not be submitted during the upcoming/current submission cycle.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Collection Owners and those with Collection Administrator permission, may edit a collection. The following is currently available for Edit on this page:

Associated Studies

Studies that have been defined using data from a Collection are important criteria to determine the value of data shared. The number of subjects column displays the counts from this Collection that are included in a Study, out of the total number of subjects in that study. The Data Use column represents whether or not the study is a primary analysis of the data or a secondary analysis. State indicates whether the study is private or shared with the research community.

Study NameFilter by Study Name	DOIFilter by DOI	AbstractFilter by Abstract	Collection/Study SubjectsFilter by Collection/Study Subjects	Data UsageFilter by Data Usage	StateFilter by State
Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and treatment among middle-aged and older women in the Nurses’ Health Study II	10.15154/1522677	Objectives: Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among women and associated with negative health outcomes across the life course. Relatively few studies, however, have examined the epidemiology of trauma, PTSD, and treatment among middle-aged and older civilian women, who are at elevated risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to characterize trauma, PTSD, and trauma-related treatment prevalence and correlates in a large cohort of middle-aged and older women. Design: Cross-sectional, nested sub-study within the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort. Setting: United States, 2018-2020. Participants: 33,327 current or former nurses, aged 53-74 years. Measurements: 16-item modified version of the Brief Trauma Questionnaire; modified PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Version 5. Results: The majority (82.2%) of women reported one or more lifetime traumas. The most common trauma types were unexpected death of a loved one (44.9%) and interpersonal violence (43.5%). Almost 30% reported occupational (nursing-related) trauma. Among the trauma-exposed, 10.5% met criteria for lifetime PTSD and 1.5% had past-month PTSD. One-third of lifetime PTSD cases were due to interpersonal violence event types. One-third of women with lifetime PTSD—and nearly half of those with PTSD from a nursing-related trauma—reported never receiving trauma-related treatment. Women aged 65 years and older with PTSD were less likely to be in treatment than those aged less than 65 years. Conclusions: History of trauma and PTSD is prevalent in this population, and a treatment gap persists. Addressing this treatment gap is warranted, particularly among older women and those with nursing-related trauma.	33327/33327	Primary Analysis	Shared
Pre-Pandemic Resilience to Trauma & COVID-19 Infection in Older Women	10.15154/3rd5-hr06	While prior work suggests psychological resilience to trauma may protect not only mental but also physical health, most empirical work has focused on mental health outcomes. This study examined the relationship of pre-pandemic psychological resilience to lifetime trauma with self-reported COVID-19 infection and symptoms during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data are from 18,670 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II, a large cohort of female healthcare professionals. Based on prior evidence that trauma and subsequent distress can increase infection risk and severity, and that psychological assets may offset this risk, we hypothesized higher versus lower psychological resilience to prior trauma would be associated with lower risk for a COVID-19 infection and related symptoms. Pre-pandemic resilience was assessed via self-report between 2017-2019 based on self-reported lifetime trauma exposure and psychological health. COVID-19 infection and symptoms were self-reported on 7 questionnaires administered between May 2020 – October 2021, from which we derived a composite outcome measure, defined as having 3+ COVID-19 symptoms (out of 9) and/or a positive COVID-19 test result at any single assessment. Multivariable regression revealed significant associations between higher pre-pandemic resilience scores and lower risk for probable COVID-19 infection, adjusting for socio-demographic and COVID-19-related risk factors (RR= 0.90 [95% CI 0.87, 0.93]). Considering subcomponents of the composite COVID measure separately, pre-pandemic resilience was significantly associated with lower risk of reported symptoms (RR= 0.83 [95% CI 0.79, 0.88]), but not with a positive test result alone (RR= 0.96 (95% CI 0.91, 1.01]). Understanding protective factors for infection risk may help inform psychosocial interventions to improve health outcomes.	18670/18670	Primary Analysis	Shared
Prior Resilience to Trauma & Coping in Current and Former Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic	10.15154/1526552	This study examined the potential influence of pre-pandemic psychological resilience on use of approach or avoidant coping styles and strategies to manage stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that higher resilience would be associated with more approach coping and less avoidant coping. Longitudinal data were from the Nurses’ Health Study II, including 11,740 women with pre-pandemic lifetime trauma. Pre-pandemic resilience was assessed between 2018-2019 and current coping during the pandemic (May-August 2020). Multivariable linear regression determined associations between continuous pre-pandemic resilience scores and use of approach and avoidant coping styles, as well as individual coping strategies, adjusting for relevant covariates. Greater resilience was associated with higher use of approach coping and lower use of avoidant coping styles. Higher pre-pandemic resilience was also associated with use of all nine coping strategies in expected directions. Supporting or building psychological resilience following trauma may promote effective coping in times of future stress.	15962/15962	Primary Analysis	Shared
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom remission and cognition in a large cohort of civilian women	10.15154/ph8a-3e55	Background. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cognitive impairments. It is unclear whether problems persist after PTSD symptoms remit. Methods. Data came from 12 270 trauma-exposed women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Trauma and PTSD symptoms were assessed using validated scales to determine PTSD status as of 2008 (trauma/no PTSD, remitted PTSD, unresolved PTSD) and symptom severity (life- time and past-month). Starting in 2014, cognitive function was assessed using the Cogstate Brief Battery every 6 or 12 months for up to 24 months. PTSD associations with baseline cog- nition and longitudinal cognitive changes were estimated by covariate-adjusted linear regres- sion and linear mixed-effects models, respectively. Results. Compared to women with trauma/no PTSD, women with remitted PTSD symptoms had a similar cognitive function at baseline, while women with unresolved PTSD symptoms had worse psychomotor speed/attention and learning/working memory. In women with unre- solved PTSD symptoms, past-month PTSD symptom severity was inversely associated with baseline cognition. Over follow-up, both women with remitted and unresolved PTSD symp- toms in 2008, especially those with high levels of symptoms, had a faster decline in learning/ working memory than women with trauma/no PTSD. In women with remitted PTSD symp- toms, higher lifetime PTSD symptom severity was associated with a faster decline in learning/ working memory. Results were robust to the adjustment for sociodemographic, biobehavioral, and health factors and were partially attenuated when adjusted for depression. Conclusion. Unresolved but not remitted PTSD was associated with worse cognitive function assessed six years later. Accelerated cognitive decline was observed among women with either unresolved or remitted PTSD symptoms.	9611/9611	Primary Analysis	Shared
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Accelerated Cognitive Decline in a Large Cohort of Civilian Women	10.15154/1523361	IMPORTANCE: Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has been hypothesized to lead to impaired cognitive function. However, no large-scale studies have assessed whether PTSD is prospectively associated with cognitive decline in middle-aged adults. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between PTSD and decline in cognitive function over time. DESIGN,S ETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included participants from the Nurses’ Health Study II, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study involving community-dwelling middle-aged female nurses residing in the US who had at least a 2-year nursing degree at the time of enrollment in 1989. The present study included 12 270 trauma-exposed women who were enrolled in the PTSD substudy of the Nurses’ Health Study II and completed 1 to 5 cognitive assessments. Data were collected from March 1, 2008, to July 30, 2019. EXPOSURES: Lifetime PTSD symptoms, assessed using a validated questionnaire between March1, 2008, and February 28, 2010. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was evaluated using the Cogstate Brief Battery, a self-administered online cognitive battery. Cognitive function was measured by a psychomotor speed and attention composite score and a learning and working memory composite score. Women completed the Cogstate Brief Battery every 6 or 12 months (up to 24 months) from October 3, 2014, to July 30, 2019. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association of PTSD symptoms with the rate of change in cognition over follow-up, considering a broad range of relevant covariates, including the presence of depression symptoms and history of clinician- diagnosed depression. The rate of cognitive change was adjusted for potential practice effects (ie, potential changes in test results that occur when a test is taken more than once) by including indicators for the number of previous tests taken. RESULTS Among 12 270 women, the mean (SD) age at the baseline cognitive assessment was 61.1 (4.6) years; 125 women (1.0%) were Asian, 75 (0.6%) were Black, 156 (1.3%) were Hispanic, 11 767 (95.9%) were non-Hispanic White, and 147 (1.2%) were of other race and/or ethnicity. A higher number of PTSD symptoms was associated with worse cognitive trajectories. Compared with women with no PTSD symptoms, women with the highest symptom level (6-7 symptoms) had a significantly worse rate of change in both learning and working memory (β = −0.08 SD/y; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.04 SD/y; P < .001) and psychomotor speed and attention (β = −0.05 SD/y; 95% CI, −0.09 to −0.01 SD/y; P = .02), adjusted for demographic characteristics. Associations were unchanged when additionally adjusted for behavioral factors (eg, 6-7 symptoms in the analysis of learning and working memory: β = −0.08 SD/y; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.04 SD/y; P < .001) and health conditions (eg, 6-7 symptoms in the analysis of learning and working memory: β = −0.08 SD/y; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.04 SD/y; P < .001) and were partially attenuated but still evident when further adjusted for practice effects (eg, 6-7 symptoms in the analysis of learning and working memory: β = −0.07 SD/y; 95% CI, −0.10 to −0.03 SD/y; P < .001) and comorbid depression (eg, 6-7 symptoms in the analysis of learning and working memory: β = −0.07 SD/y; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.03 SD/y; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this large-scale prospective cohort study, PTSD was associated with accelerated cognitive decline in middle-aged women, suggesting that earlier cognitive screening among women with PTSD may be warranted. Given that cognitive decline is strongly associated with subsequent Alzheimer disease and related dementias, better understanding of this association may be important to promote healthy aging.	9611/9611	Primary Analysis	Shared
Menstrual cycle characteristics across the reproductive lifespan and cognitive function in midlife women.	10.15154/3akz-3b81	Background and Objectives. Menstrual cycle characteristics are potential indicators of hormonal or cardiovascular exposures relevant to cognitive health. However, there is scarce epidemiological evidence on the association between cycle characteristics and cognitive function. We aimed to study associations of menstrual cycle characteristics at three stages of a woman's reproductive lifespan with cognitive function in midlife. Methods. We studied participants from the Nurses' Health Study II, an ongoing longitudinal cohort of female nurses initially enrolled in 1989. Exposures were cycle regularity at 14-17 and 18-22 years, and cycle length (the interval between two consecutive cycles) at 18-22 years (all retrospectively reported at enrollment), and current cycle regularity and length at 29-46 years (reported in 1993). Outcomes were composite z-scores measuring psychomotor speed/attention and learning/working memory obtained with one self-administered Cogstate Brief Battery assessment, measured among a subset of participants in 2014-2022. We included 19,905 participants with data on at least one menstrual cycle characteristic and a cognitive assessment. We estimated multivariable-adjusted mean differences (β, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) using linear regression models. Result. In the analytical sample, the mean (SD) age at cognitive assessment was 62 (4.9) years. Women with irregular cycles at 29-46 years scored lower in learning/working memory (β, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.01) than those with very regular cycles. We did not observe associations for cycle regularity at 14-17 or 18-22 years. Women with cycle length ≤25 days at 18-22 years scored lower in learning and working memory in later life (β, -0.05; -0.09 to -0.02) than those with cycles 26-31 days. We did not observe associations of cycle length at 29-46 years with later cognitive function. In a secondary analysis, women whose cycles were regular at 14-17 or 18-22 years but became irregular by 29-46 years also had lower learning/working memory scores, compared to women whose cycles remained regular across timepoints. Discussion. In this large longitudinal study, cycles ≤25 days at 18-22 years and irregular cycles at 29-46 years were associated with lower performance in learning/working memory. Future studies in other populations should confirm our findings and investigate the biological processes underlying these associations.	5190/5190	Primary Analysis	Shared
Lifetime history of gestational diabetes and cognitive function in middle-aged parous women	10.15154/mmdn-dh30	Importance: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects cognitive performance during pregnancy, and it may also have long-term implications in cognitive function, for example, through the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: To study the association between a lifetime history of GDM and cognitive function in parous middle-aged women. Design: Cohort study. Setting: We studied participants from the Nurses' Health Study II. From 1989-2001, and then in 2009, participants reported their history of GDM. A subset participated in a cognitive sub-study in 2014-2019 (wave 1) or 2018-2022 (wave 2). Participants: This study included 15,906 parous participants (≥1 birth at ≥18 years) who completed a cognitive assessment and were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes before their first birth. Exposures: The primary exposure was a history of GDM. Additionally, we studied exposure to GDM and subsequent T2DM (neither GDM nor T2DM, GDM only, T2DM only, and GDM followed by T2DM) and conducted mediation analysis by T2DM. Main Outcomes and Measures: The outcome was a single assessment of cognitive function obtained with the Cogstate brief battery, which comprises four tasks. The z-scores of the tasks were averaged to create three composite scores measuring psychomotor speed/attention, learning/working memory, and global cognition. Results: The 15,906 participants were a mean of 62.0 years (SD 4.9) at cognitive assessment, and 4.7% had a history of GDM. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age at cognitive assessment, race and ethnicity, education, wave of enrollment in the cognition sub-study, socioeconomic status, and pre-pregnancy characteristics, women with a history of GDM had lower performance in psychomotor speed/attention (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.01) and global cognition (β, -0.06; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.01) than those without a history of GDM. The lower cognitive performance in women with GDM was only partially explained by the development of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions and Relevance: Women with a history of GDM had poorer cognition than those without GDM. If replicated, our findings support future research on early risk modification strategies for women with a history of GDM as a potential avenue to decrease their risk of cognitive impairment.	4227/4227	Primary Analysis	Shared
Lifetime history of low birth weight delivery and cognitive function in middle-aged parous women	10.15154/v3p9-kq80	Importance: Pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW) delivery may reflect vascular or metabolic dysfunction in mothers and may presage future poor health, including cognitive decline and dementia. Objective: To examine the extent to which a lifetime history of LBW delivery was associated with cognitive function in parous middle-aged women. Design: Cohort study. Setting: We studied participants from the Nurses' Health Study II, an ongoing longitudinal cohort of female nurses enrolled in 1989. In 2009, participants completed a reproductive history questionnaire. Participants who completed at least one of two post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaires were invited to participate in a cognition sub-study with two waves of baseline data collection (2014 or 2018). Participants: Our sample included 15 323 participants with one valid baseline cognitive assessment who reported ≥1 birth at ≥18 years of age. Exposures: We defined LBW delivery history as having delivered offspring with a birth weight <2500 g (<5.5 lbs) in any pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The outcome was a single assessment of cognitive function evaluated with the self-administered Cogstate Brief Battery. The battery comprises four tasks which we used to create two composite z-scores measuring psychomotor speed/attention and learning/working memory. Higher z-scores reflect better cognitive function. Results: Participants´ mean (standard deviation) age at cognitive assessment was 62 (4.9) years, and 1 224 (8%) had a history of LBW delivery. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age at cognitive assessment, race and ethnicity, participants’ education, wave of baseline cognitive assessment, socioeconomic status, and pre-pregnancy characteristics, women with a history of LBW delivery had lower z-scores in the psychomotor speed/attention (β, -0.06; 95% CI, -0.12 to -0.01) and learning/working memory (β, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.-01) composites than parous women without a history of LBW delivery. We observed a gradient of lower z-scores with an increasing number of LBW deliveries. Conclusions and Relevance: History of LBW delivery may be marker of future poorer cognition. If confirmed, our findings support future investigations into the value of early preventive efforts targeting women with a history of LBW delivery to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment in women.	4005/4005	Primary Analysis	Shared
I can’t believe you don’t have a box for this: “Other” Perceived Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms	10.15154/qrdw-nr90	Trauma exposures are defined in clinical and research settings as part of the standard diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Outside of these settings however, the term “trauma” signifies a broad range of adverse life experiences. Some trauma assessments for research purposes include a response option of “other,” with a free text box enabling the participant to write in a description of an event not previously listed. Here, we used a parallel mixed methods approach and data from 2,653 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort to categorize “other” perceived trauma exposures that were commonly reported in free text, yet not specifically listed on a validated assessment of trauma exposure. We also assessed the prevalence of probable lifetime and past month PTSD associated with these perceived traumas. We found that “other” trauma exposures fell into six thematic categories: death of a family member or close friend, distressing event occurring in the workplace, a family member being harmed in some way, a family member managing a distressing problem, problems with an intimate partner, or a personally distressing event or problem. Some of the “other” trauma categories, such as a family member managing a problem distressing to the participant, were associated with high prevalence of probable lifetime PTSD (33.7%; n=101). Some specific experiences were also associated with high prevalence of probable lifetime (verbal abuse or harassment; 43.8%) or past month PTSD (family member attempted suicide, 17.2%). Our results suggest that events not defined as traumatic in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD may still be associated with the disorder. Including such events in clinical and research assessments of PTSD may be important for capturing the full range of clinically relevant experiences in trauma-related and PTSD research and treatment.	2653/2653	Primary Analysis	Shared

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