NIMH Data Archive - Data

Genomics

Neuroimaging

Phenotype¹

New Trial
Clinical Trial

¹ Numbers reported are subjects by age

New Project
Grant/Project Number

Format should be in the following format: Activity Code, Institute Abbreviation, and Serial Number. Grant Type, Support Year, and Suffix should be excluded. For example, grant 1R01MH123456-01A1 should be entered R01MH123456

Collection - Use Existing Experiment

To associate an experiment to the current collection, just select an axperiment from the table below then click the associate experiment button to persist your changes (saving the collection is not required). Note that once an experiment has been associated to two or more collections, the experiment will not longer be editable.

The table search feature is case insensitive and targets the experiment id, experiment name and experiment type columns. The experiment id is searched only when the search term entered is a number, and filtered using a startsWith comparison. When the search term is not numeric the experiment name is used to filter the results.

Select	Experiment Id	Experiment Name	Experiment Type	Created On

24	HI-NGS_R1	Omics	02/16/2011
475	MB1-10 (CHOP)	Omics	06/07/2016
490	Illumina Infinium PsychArray BeadChip Assay	Omics	07/07/2016
501	PharmacoBOLD Resting State	fMRI	07/27/2016
506	PVPREF	Omics	08/05/2016
509	ABC-CT Resting v2	EEG	08/18/2016
13	Comparison of FI expression in Autistic and Neurotypical Homo Sapiens	Omics	12/28/2010
18	AGRE/Broad Affymetrix 5.0 Genotype Experiment	Omics	01/06/2011
22	Stitching PCR Sequencing	Omics	02/14/2011
26	ASD_Methylation	Omics	03/01/2011
29	Microarray family 03 (father, mother, sibling)	Omics	03/24/2011
37	Standard paired-end sequencing of BCRs	Omics	04/19/2011
38	Illumina Mate-Pair BCR sequencing	Omics	04/19/2011
39	Custom Jumping Libraries	Omics	04/19/2011
40	Custom CapBP	Omics	04/19/2011
41	Immunofluorescence	Omics	05/11/2011
43	Autism brain sample genotyping, Illumina	Omics	05/16/2011
47	ARRA Autism Sequencing Collaboration at Baylor. SOLiD 4 System	Omics	08/01/2011
53	AGRE Omni1-quad	Omics	10/11/2011
59	AGP genotyping	Omics	04/03/2012
60	Ultradeep 454 sequencing of synaptic genes from postmortem cerebella of individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls	Omics	06/23/2012
63	Microemulsion PCR and Targeted Resequencing for Variant Detection in ASD	Omics	07/20/2012
76	Whole Genome Sequencing in Autism Families	Omics	01/03/2013
519	Resting	fMRI	11/08/2016
90	Genotyped IAN Samples	Omics	07/09/2013
91	NJLAGS Axiom Genotyping Array	Omics	07/16/2013
93	AGP genotyping (CNV)	Omics	09/06/2013
106	Longitudinal Sleep Study. H20 200. Channel set 2	EEG	11/07/2013
107	Longitudinal Sleep Study. H20 200. Channel set 3	EEG	11/07/2013
108	Longitudinal Sleep Study. AURA 200	EEG	11/07/2013
105	Longitudinal Sleep Study. H20 200. Channel set 1	EEG	11/07/2013
109	Longitudinal Sleep Study. AURA 400	EEG	11/07/2013
116	Gene Expression Analysis WG-6	Omics	01/07/2014
131	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Charlie Brown and Sesame Street - Project 1	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
132	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Animacy - Project 1	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
133	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Mom Stranger - Project 2	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
134	Jeste Lab UCLA ACEii: Face Emotion - Project 3	Eye Tracking	02/27/2014
145	AGRE/FMR1_Illumina.JHU	Omics	04/14/2014
146	AGRE/MECP2_Sanger.JHU	Omics	04/14/2014
147	AGRE/MECP2_Junior.JHU	Omics	04/14/2014
151	Candidate Gene Identification in familial Autism	Omics	06/09/2014
152	NJLAGS Whole Genome Sequencing	Omics	07/01/2014
154	Math Autism Study - Vinod Menon	fMRI	07/15/2014
155	Resting	fMRI	07/25/2014
156	Speech	fMRI	07/25/2014
159	Emotion	fMRI	07/25/2014
160	syllable contrast	EEG	07/29/2014
167	School-age naturalistic stimuli	Eye Tracking	09/19/2014
44	AGRE/Broad Affymetrix 5.0 Genotype Experiment	Omics	06/27/2011
45	Exome Sequencing of 20 Sporadic Cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder	Omics	07/15/2011

Collection - Add Experiment

Add Supporting Documentation

Funding Source:
URL:

To add an existing Data Structure, enter its title in the search bar. If you need to request changes, select the indicator "No, it requires changes to meet research needs" after selecting the Structure, and upload the file with the request changes specific to the selected Data Structure. Your file should follow the Request Changes Procedure. If the Data Structure does not exist, select "Request New Data Structure" and upload the appropriate zip file.

Use/Modify Existing Data Structure

Request New Data Structure

Targeted Enrollment:

Initial Submission Date:

Initial Share Date:

Data Structure Search:

Data Structures:

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Request Submission Exemption

Not Eligible

The Data Expected list for this Collection shows some raw data as missing. Contact the NDA Help Desk with any questions.

Please confirm that you will not be enrolling any more subjects and that all raw data has been collected and submitted.

Collection Updated

Your Collection is now in Data Analysis phase and exempt from biannual submissions. Analyzed data is still expected prior to publication or no later than the project end date.

[CMS] Error

[CMS]

Unable to change collection phase where targeted enrollment is less than 90%

You have requested to move the sharing dates for the following assessments:

Data Expected Item	Original Sharing Date	New Sharing Date

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Biological and Information Processing Mechanisms Underlying Autism #6

General
Experiments (0)
Shared Data
Publications (136)
Data Expected (31)
Associated Studies (19)

Collection Title	Collection Investigators	Collection Description
Collection Title:	Biological and Information Processing Mechanisms Underlying Autism
Collection Investigators:	Nancy Minshew, M.D., Mark Strauss, Ph.D., Kevin Pelphrey, Ph.D., Marcel Just, Ph.D., Thomas Mitchell, Ph.D., and Diane Williams, Ph.D.
Collection Description:	This center focuses on elucidating fundamental information processing and neurobiological mechanisms causing autism with studies of infant siblings, first-diagnosed toddlers, and groups of children, adolescents, and adults with and without autism. Project I: Development of Categorization Knowledge in Low Functioning Autism focuses on the earliest manifestations of autism and information processing mechanisms underlying social and cognitive symptoms. Project II: Disturbances of Affective Contact: Development of Brain Mechanisms for Emotion Processing focuses on how individuals with autism experience, understand and regulate emotion; genetic influences are also considered; Project III: Systems Connectivity Activation: Imaging Studies of Language focuses on delineating disturbances in functional brain connectivity underlying the impaired processing of information and innovative machine-learning studies of how the brain identifies and categorizes words.
Data Repository:	NIMH Data Archive
Permission Group:
Collection Creation Date:	04/01/2008
NIH Research Initiatives:	Autism Centers of Excellence (ACE), NIMH Repository & Genomics Resource (NRGR)
Collection Phase:	Funding Completed
Collection Sub-Phase:	Close Out
Blinded Clinical Trial:	No
Total Funded Amount:	$6,010,058.00
Subjects Shared:	1,064

{"values":[]}

{"values":[["MRI",85],["fMRI",91]]}

{"values":[["Autism Spectrum Affected",496],["Typical Control",673],["Autism Spectrum Severely Affected",275],["Neurological Control",5],["Sibling Control",89],["Autism Spectrum Mildly Affected",129],["Parental Control",4],["Not Defined",558]]}

Loading Chart...

Funding Sources:

Funding Source Name	Funding Source URL
NIH - Extramural	None

Supporting Documentation:

Grant Information:

Project Number	Project Title	Start Date	End Date	Planned Enrollment	Actual Enrollment	Organization	Funds Obligated
P50HD055748-01	Biological and Information Processing Mechanisms Underlying Autism	08/06/2007	07/31/2012	1345	692	UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH	$6,010,058.00

Clinical Trials:

helpcenter.collection.general-tab

Collection - General Tab

Fields available for edit on the top portion of the page include:

Collection Title
Investigators
Collection Description
Collection Phase
Funding Source
Clinical Trials

Collection Phase: The current status of a research project submitting data to an NDA Collection, based on the timing of the award and/or the data that have been submitted.

Pre-Enrollment: The default entry made when the NDA Collection is created.
Enrolling: Data have been submitted to the NDA Collection or the NDA Data Expected initial submission date has been reached for at least one data structure category in the NDA Collection.
Data Analysis: Subject level data collection for the research project is completed and has been submitted to the NDA Collection. The NDA Collection owner or the NDA Help Desk may set this phase when they’ve confirmed data submission is complete and submitted subject counts match at least 90% of the target enrollment numbers in the NDA Data Expected. Data submission reminders will be turned off for the NDA Collection.
Funding Completed: The NIH grant award (or awards) associated with the NDA Collection has reached its end date. NDA Collections in Funding Completed phase are assigned a subphase to indicate the status of data submission.
- The Data Expected Subphase indicates that NDA expects more data will be submitted
- The Closeout Subphase indicates the data submission is complete.
- The Sharing Not Met Subphase indicates that data submission was not completed as expected.

Blinded Clinical Trial Status:

This status is set by a Collection Owner and indicates the research project is a double blinded clinical trial. When selected, the public view of Data Expected will show the Data Expected items and the Submission Dates, but the targeted enrollment and subjects submitted counts will not be displayed.
Targeted enrollment and subjects submitted counts are visible only to NDA Administrators and to the NDA Collection or as the NDA Collection Owner.
When an NDA Collection that is flagged Blinded Clinical Trial reaches the maximum data sharing date for that Data Repository (see https://nda.nih.gov/nda/sharing-regimen.html), the embargo on Data Expected information is released.

Funding Source

The organization(s) responsible for providing the funding is listed here.

Supporting Documentation

Users with Submission privileges, as well as Collection Owners, Program Officers, and those with Administrator privileges, may upload and attach supporting documentation. By default, supporting documentation is shared to the general public, however, the option is also available to limit this information to qualified researchers only.

Grant Information

Identifiable details are displayed about the Project of which the Collection was derived from. You may click in the Project Number to view a full report of the Project captured by the NIH.

Clinical Trials

Any data that is collected to support or further the research of clinical studies will be available here. Collection Owners and those with Administrator privileges may add new clinical trials.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does the NIMH Data Archive (NDA) determine which Permission Group data are submitted into?

During Collection creation, NDA staff determine the appropriate Permission Group based on the type of data to be submitted, the type of access that will be available to data access users, and the information provided by the Program Officer during grant award.
How do I know when a NDA Collection has been created?

When a Collection is created by NDA staff, an email notification will automatically be sent to the PI(s) of the grant(s) associated with the Collection to notify them.
Is a single grant number ever associated with more than one Collection?

The NDA system does not allow for a single grant to be associated with more than one Collection; therefore, a single grant will not be listed in the Grant Information section of a Collection for more than one Collection.
Why is there sometimes more than one grant included in a Collection?

In general, each Collection is associated with only one grant; however, multiple grants may be associated if the grant has multiple competing segments for the same grant number or if multiple different grants are all working on the same project and it makes sense to hold the data in one Collection (e.g., Cooperative Agreements).

Glossary

Administrator Privilege

A privilege provided to a user associated with an NDA Collection or NDA Study whereby that user can perform a full range of actions including providing privileges to other users.
Collection Owner

Generally, the Collection Owner is the contact PI listed on a grant. Only one NDA user is listed as the Collection owner. Most automated emails are primarily sent to the Collection Owner.
Collection Phase
The Collection Phase provides information on data submission as opposed to grant/project completion so while the Collection phase and grant/project phase may be closely related they are often different. Collection users with Administrative Privileges are encouraged to edit the Collection Phase. The Program Officer as listed in eRA (for NIH funded grants) may also edit this field. Changes must be saved by clicking the Save button at the bottom of the page. This field is sortable alphabetically in ascending or descending order. Collection Phase options include:
- Pre-Enrollment: A grant/project has started, but has not yet enrolled subjects.
- Enrolling: A grant/project has begun enrolling subjects. Data submission is likely ongoing at this point.
- Data Analysis: A grant/project has completed enrolling subjects and has completed all data submissions.
- Funding Completed: A grant/project has reached the project end date.
Collection Title

An editable field with the title of the Collection, which is often the title of the grant associated with the Collection.
Grant

Provides the grant number(s) for the grant(s) associated with the Collection. The field is a hyperlink so clicking on the Grant number will direct the user to the grant information in the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT) page.
Supporting Documentation

Various documents and materials to enable efficient use of the data by investigators unfamiliar with the project and may include the research protocol, questionnaires, and study manuals.
NIH Research Initiative

NDA Collections may be organized by scientific similarity into NIH Research Initiatives, to facilitate query tool user experience. NIH Research Initiatives map to one or multiple Funding Opportunity Announcements.
Permission Group

Access to shared record-level data in NDA is provisioned at the level of a Permission Group. NDA Permission Groups consist of one or multiple NDA Collections that contain data with the same subject consents.
Planned Enrollment

Number of human subject participants to be enrolled in an NIH-funded clinical research study. The data is provided in competing applications and annual progress reports.
Actual Enrollment

Number of human subjects enrolled in an NIH-funded clinical research study. The data is provided in annual progress reports.
NDA Collection

A virtual container and organization structure for data and associated documentation from one grant or one large project/consortium. It contains tools for tracking data submission and allows investigators to define a wide array of other elements that provide context for the data, including all general information regarding the data and source project, experimental parameters used to collect any event-based data contained in the Collection, methods, and other supporting documentation. They also allow investigators to link underlying data to an NDA Study, defining populations and subpopulations specific to research aims.
Data Use Limitations

Data Use Limitations (DULs) describe the appropriate secondary use of a dataset and are based on the original informed consent of a research participant. NDA only accepts consent-based data use limitations defined by the NIH Office of Science Policy.
Total Subjects Shared

The total number of unique subjects for whom data have been shared and are available for users with permission to access data.

Contact NDA Help Desk

ID	Name	Created Date	Status	Type
No records found.

helpcenter.collection.experiments-tab

Collection - Experiments

The number of Experiments included is displayed in parentheses next to the tab name. You may download all experiments associated with the Collection via the Download button. You may view individual experiments by clicking the Experiment Name and add them to the Filter Cart via the Add to Cart button.

Collection Owners, Program Officers, and users with Submission or Administrative Privileges for the Collection may create or edit an Experiment.

Please note: The creation of an NDA Experiment does not necessarily mean that data collected, according to the defined Experiment, has been submitted or shared.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can an Experiment be associated with more than one Collection?
Yes -see the “Copy” button in the bottom left when viewing an experiment. There are two actions that can be performed via this button:
1. Copy the experiment with intent for modifications.
2. Associate the experiment to the collection. No modifications can be made to the experiment.

Glossary

Experiment Status

An Experiment must be Approved before data using the associated Experiment_ID may be uploaded.
Experiment ID

The ID number automatically generated by NDA which must be included in the appropriate file when uploading data to link the Experiment Definition to the subject record.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Shared Data:

Title	Type	Number of Subjects
Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R)	Clinical Assessments	237
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) - Module 4	Clinical Assessments	219
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)- Module 1	Clinical Assessments	102
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)- Module 2	Clinical Assessments	76
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)- Module 3	Clinical Assessments	110
Benton Facial Recognition Test	Clinical Assessments	354
CELF-4 Clinical Eval of Lang Fundamentals, 4th ed	Clinical Assessments	33
CHARGE Family Characteristics Questionnaire	Clinical Assessments	415
CHARGE Medical History	Clinical Assessments	315
CHARGE Physical Exam	Clinical Assessments	299
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 6-18	Clinical Assessments	128
Children's Communication Checklist - 2	Clinical Assessments	102
Children's Memory Scale (CMS) - Ages 5 to 8	Clinical Assessments	34
Children's Memory Scale (CMS) - Ages 9 to 16	Clinical Assessments	126
Demographics - Pittsburgh	Clinical Assessments	1035
Finger Tapping Test	Clinical Assessments	366
Grooved Pegboard Test	Clinical Assessments	361
Image	Imaging	75
Laterality Dominance	Clinical Assessments	458
M-CHAT	Clinical Assessments	94
MacArthur-Bates CDI - Words and Gestures Form	Clinical Assessments	88
MacArthur-Bates CDI - Words and Sentences Form	Clinical Assessments	67
Modified CHARGE Family Medical History (2007)	Clinical Assessments	415
Mullen Scales of Early Learning	Clinical Assessments	141
NEO Five-Factor Inventory Form S Adult	Clinical Assessments	61
Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET)	Clinical Assessments	380
Research Subject	Clinical Assessments	813
Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) - Lifetime	Clinical Assessments	325
Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)	Clinical Assessments	175
Test of Language Competence Expanded Edition	Clinical Assessments	349
Theory of Mind John and Mary	Clinical Assessments	220
Theory of Mind Peter and Jane	Clinical Assessments	220
Theory of Mind Sally and Anne	Clinical Assessments	220
Twenty Questions Task	Clinical Assessments	37
Vineland-II - Parent and Caregiver Rating Form (2005)	Clinical Assessments	406
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)	Clinical Assessments	463
Wide Range Achievement Test 4 (WRAT4)	Clinical Assessments	459
Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities and Tests of Achievement	Clinical Assessments	37

helpcenter.collection.shared-data-tab

Collection - Shared Data

This tab provides a quick overview of the Data Structure title, Data Type, and Number of Subjects that are currently Shared for the Collection. The information presented in this tab is automatically generated by NDA and cannot be edited. If no information is visible on this tab, this would indicate the Collection does not have shared data or the data is private.

The shared data is available to other researchers who have permission to access data in the Collection's designated Permission Group(s). Use the Download button to get all shared data from the Collection to the Filter Cart.

Frequently Asked Questions

How will I know if another researcher uses data that I shared through the NIMH Data Archive (NDA)?

To see what data your project have submitted are being used by a study, simply go the Associated Studies tab of your collection. Alternatively, you may review an NDA Study Attribution Report available on the General tab.
Can I get a supplement to share data from a completed research project?

Often it becomes more difficult to organize and format data electronically after the project has been completed and the information needed to create a GUID may not be available; however, you may still contact a program staff member at the appropriate funding institution for more information.
Can I get a supplement to share data from a research project that is still ongoing?

Unlike completed projects where researchers may not have the information needed to create a GUID and/or where the effort needed to organize and format data becomes prohibitive, ongoing projects have more of an opportunity to overcome these challenges. Please contact a program staff member at the appropriate funding institution for more information.

Glossary

Data Structure

A defined organization and group of Data Elements to represent an electronic definition of a measure, assessment, questionnaire, or collection of data points. Data structures that have been defined in the NDA Data Dictionary are available at https://nda.nih.gov/general-query.html?q=query=data-structure
Data Type

A grouping of data by similar characteristics such as Clinical Assessments, Omics, or Neurosignal data.
Shared

The term 'Shared' generally means available to others; however, there are some slightly different meanings based on what is Shared. A Shared NDA Study is viewable and searchable publicly regardless of the user's role or whether the user has an NDA account. A Shared NDA Study does not necessarily mean that data used in the NDA Study have been shared as this is independently determined. Data are shared according the schedule defined in a Collection's Data Expected Tab and/or in accordance with data sharing expectations in the NDA Data Sharing Terms and Conditions. Additionally, Supporting Documentation uploaded to a Collection may be shared independent of whether data are shared.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Collection Owners and those with Collection Administrator permission, may edit a collection. The following is currently available for Edit on this page:

Publications

Publications relevant to NDA data are listed below. Most displayed publications have been associated with the grant within Pubmed. Use the "+ New Publication" button to add new publications. Publications relevant/not relevant to data expected are categorized. Relevant publications are then linked to the underlying data by selecting the Create Study link. Study provides the ability to define cohorts, assign subjects, define outcome measures and lists the study type, data analysis and results. Analyzed data and results are expected in this way.

PubMed ID	Study	Title	Journal	Authors	Date	Status
36254470	Create Study	Bidding on the go: Links between walking, social actions, and caregiver responses in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Calabretta, Bianca T; Schneider, Joshua L; Iverson, Jana M	December 1, 2022	Not Determined
36180977	Create Study	Infant locomotion shapes proximity to adults during everyday play in the U.S.	Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies	Chen, Qi; Schneider, Joshua L; West, Kelsey L; Iverson, Jana M	March 1, 2023	Not Determined
35338994	Create Study	Object label and category knowledge among toddlers at risk for autism spectrum disorder: An application of the visual array task.	Infant behavior & development	Hauschild, Kathryn M; Pomales-Ramos, Anamiguel; Strauss, Mark S	May 1, 2022	Not Determined
34539812	Create Study	The Impact of Sleep Quality on Quality of Life for Autistic Adults.	Research in autism spectrum disorders	McLean, Kiley J; Eack, Shaun M; Bishop, Lauren	October 1, 2021	Not Determined
33200351	Create Study	Observed Social Emotional Behavior at 22 Months Predicts a Later ASD Diagnosis in High-Risk Siblings.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Northrup, Jessie B; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Campbell, Susan B	September 1, 2021	Not Determined
32640086	Create Study	The visual array task: A novel gaze-based measure of object label and category knowledge.	Developmental science	Hauschild, Kathryn M; Pomales-Ramos, Anamiguel; Strauss, Mark S	March 1, 2021	Not Determined
32106690	Create Study	Neural features of sustained emotional information processing in autism spectrum disorder.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Mazefsky, Carla A; Collier, Amanda; Golt, Josh; Siegle, Greg J	May 2020	Not Determined
32073209	Create Study	Reduced White Matter Integrity and Deficits in Neuropsychological Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Haigh, Sarah M; Keller, Timothy A; Minshew, Nancy J; Eack, Shaun M	May 2020	Not Determined
31655160	Create Study	White matter structure in schizophrenia and autism: Abnormal diffusion across the brain in schizophrenia.	Neuropsychologia	Haigh, Sarah M; Eack, Shaun M; Keller, Timothy; Minshew, Nancy J; Behrmann, Marlene	December 2019	Not Determined
31602179	Create Study	Look at Mommy: An Exploratory Study of Attention-Related Communication in Mothers of Toddlers at Risk for Autism.	Language learning and development : the official journal of the Society for Language Development	Jakubowski, Karen P; Iverson, Jana M	January 2019	Not Determined
31136606	Create Study	Motor performance in a shape sorter task: A longitudinal study from 14 to 36 months of age in children with an older sibling ASD.	PloS one	Taffoni, Fabrizio; Focaroli, Valentina; Keller, Flavio; Iverson, Jana Marie	January 2019	Not Determined
30833582	Create Study	Atypical functional connectome hierarchy in autism.	Nature communications	Hong, Seok-Jun; Vos de Wael, Reinder; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Lariviere, Sara; Paquola, Casey; Valk, Sofie L; Milham, Michael P; Di Martino, Adriana; Margulies, Daniel S; Smallwood, Jonathan; Bernhardt, Boris C	March 2019	Not Determined
30488152	Create Study	Parents'' Use of Internal State Language with Toddlers at High and Low Genetic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Campbell, Susan B; Mahoney, Amanda S; Brownell, Celia A; Moore, Elizabeth L; Tavares, Amy B	April 2019	Not Determined
30350906	Create Study	Word comprehension mediates the link between gesture and word production: Examining language development in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder.	Developmental science	Roemer, Emily J; West, Kelsey L; Northrup, Jessie B; Iverson, Jana M	May 2019	Not Determined
30165745	Create Study	Resistance to temptation in toddlers at genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Campbell SB, Northrup JB, Tavares AB	May 2019	Not Determined
30079576	Create Study	Coordination is key: Joint attention and vocalisation in infant siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.	International journal of language & communication disorders	Heymann, Perrine; Northrup, Jessie B; West, Kelsey L; Parladé, Meaghan V; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Iverson, Jana M	September 2018	Not Determined
29703592	Create Study	Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography Mapping and Functional Connectivity Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Biological psychiatry	Dickie, Erin W; Ameis, Stephanie H; Shahab, Saba; Calarco, Navona; Smith, Dawn E; Miranda, Dayton; Viviano, Joseph D; Voineskos, Aristotle N	August 2018	Not Determined
29500756	Create Study	Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Haigh, Sarah M; Walsh, Jennifer A; Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J; Eack, Shaun M	August 2018	Not Determined
29286586	Create Study	Cognitive enhancement therapy for adult autism spectrum disorder: Results of an 18-month randomized clinical trial.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Eack, Shaun M; Hogarty, Susan S; Greenwald, Deborah P; Litschge, Maralee Y; Porton, Shannondora A; Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J	March 2018	Not Determined
29058782	Create Study	The Relation Between Walking and Language in Infant Siblings of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Child development	West, Kelsey L; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Northrup, Jessie B; Iverson, Jana M	May 2019	Not Determined
28968847	Create Study	Multidimensional Neuroanatomical Subtyping of Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)	Hong SJ, Valk SL, Di Martino A, Milham MP, Bernhardt BC	October 2018	Not Determined
28900778	Create Study	Early Gesture and Vocabulary Development in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Iverson, Jana M; Northrup, Jessie B; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Parladé, Meaghan V; Koterba, Erin A; West, Kelsey L	January 2018	Not Determined
28839456	Create Study	Correlates of Social Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Social Cognition.	Research in autism spectrum disorders	Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Mazefsky, Carla A; Eack, Shaun M; Minshew, Nancy J	March 2017	Not Determined
28685398	Create Study	Developmental Changes in Pretend Play from 22- to 34-Months in Younger Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of abnormal child psychology	Campbell, Susan B; Mahoney, Amanda S; Northrup, Jessie; Moore, Elizabeth L; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Brownell, Celia A	April 2018	Not Determined
28593600	Create Study	Developmental Changes in Empathic Concern and Self-Understanding in Toddlers at Genetic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Campbell, Susan B; Moore, Elizabeth L; Northrup, Jessie; Brownell, Celia A	September 1, 2017	Not Determined
28291247	Create Study	Enhancing studies of the connectome in autism using the autism brain imaging data exchange II.	Scientific data	Di Martino, Adriana; O'Connor, David; Chen, Bosi; Alaerts, Kaat; Anderson, Jeffrey S; Assaf, Michal; Balsters, Joshua H; Baxter, Leslie; Beggiato, Anita; Bernaerts, Sylvie; Blanken, Laura M E; Bookheimer, Susan Y; Braden, B Blair; Byrge, Lisa; Castellanos, F Xavier; Dapretto, Mirella; Delorme, Richard; Fair, Damien A; Fishman, Inna; Fitzgerald, Jacqueline; Gallagher, Louise; Keehn, R Joanne Jao; Kennedy, Daniel P; Lainhart, Janet E; Luna, Beatriz; Mostofsky, Stewart H; Müller, Ralph-Axel; Nebel, Mary Beth; Nigg, Joel T; O'Hearn, Kirsten; Solomon, Marjorie; Toro, Roberto; Vaidya, Chandan J; Wenderoth, Nicole; White, Tonya; Craddock, R Cameron; Lord, Catherine; Leventhal, Bennett; Milham, Michael P	March 2017	Not Relevant
27748031	Create Study	Functional connectivity differences in autism during face and car recognition: underconnectivity and atypical age-related changes.	Developmental science	Lynn, Andrew C; Padmanabhan, Aarthi; Simmonds, Daniel; Foran, William; Hallquist, Michael N; Luna, Beatriz; O'Hearn, Kirsten	January 2018	Not Determined
27696184	Create Study	Perception of Life as Stressful, Not Biological Response to Stress, is Associated with Greater Social Disability in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Minshew, Nancy J; Mazefsky, Carla A; Eack, Shaun M	January 2017	Not Determined
27314943	Create Study	Associations between gross motor and communicative development in at-risk infants.	Infant behavior & development	LeBarton, Eve Sauer; Iverson, Jana M	August 2016	Not Determined
27242630	Create Study	Performance of Motor Sequences in Children at Heightened vs. Low Risk for ASD: A Longitudinal Study from 18 to 36 Months of Age.	Frontiers in psychology	Focaroli, Valentina; Taffoni, Fabrizio; Parsons, Shelby M; Keller, Flavio; Iverson, Jana M	January 2016	Not Determined
27095831	Create Study	Association between anger rumination and autism symptom severity, depression symptoms, aggression, and general dysregulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Patel, Shivani; Day, Taylor N; Jones, Neil; Mazefsky, Carla A	February 2017	Not Determined
27083780	Create Study	Differential sensory fMRI signatures in autism and schizophrenia: Analysis of amplitude and trial-to-trial variability.	Schizophrenia research	Haigh, Sarah M; Gupta, Akshat; Barb, Scott M; Glass, Summer A F; Minshew, Nancy J; Dinstein, Ilan; Heeger, David J; Eack, Shaun M; Behrmann, Marlene	August 2016	Not Determined
26940029	Create Study	No difference in cross-modal attention or sensory discrimination thresholds in autism and matched controls.	Vision research	Haigh, Sarah M; Heeger, David J; Heller, Laurie M; Gupta, Akshat; Dinstein, Ilan; Minshew, Nancy J; Behrmann, Marlene	April 1, 2016	Not Determined
26931334	Create Study	Pretend Play and Social Engagement in Toddlers at High and Low Genetic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Campbell, Susan B; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Mahoney, Amanda S; Moore, Elizabeth L; Brownell, Celia A	July 2016	Not Determined
26520147	Create Study	Altered Gesture and Speech Production in ASD Detract from In-Person Communicative Quality.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Morett, Laura M; O'Hearn, Kirsten; Luna, Beatriz; Ghuman, Avniel Singh	March 2016	Not Determined
26484826	Create Study	Diminished neural adaptation during implicit learning in autism.	NeuroImage	Schipul, Sarah E; Just, Marcel Adam	January 15, 2016	Not Determined
26345517	Create Study	Vocal Coordination During Early Parent-Infant Interactions Predicts Language Outcome in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies	Northrup, Jessie B; Iverson, Jana M	September 2015	Not Determined
26343932	Create Study	Gesture development in toddlers with an older sibling with autism.	International journal of language & communication disorders	LeBarton, Eve Sauer; Iverson, Jana M	January 2016	Not Determined
26093390	Create Study	Concern for Another''s Distress in Toddlers at High and Low Genetic Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Campbell, Susan B; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Schmidt, Emily N; Day, Taylor N; Brownell, Celia A	November 2015	Not Determined
26011310	Create Study	Over-Responsiveness and Greater Variability in Roughness Perception in Autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Haigh, Sarah M; Minshew, Nancy; Heeger, David J; Dinstein, Ilan; Behrmann, Marlene	March 2016	Not Determined
26011184	Create Study	Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	O'Hearn, Kirsten; Velanova, Katerina; Lynn, Andrew; Wright, Catherine; Hallquist, Michael; Minshew, Nancy; Luna, Beatriz	January 2016	Not Determined
25846907	Create Study	Visual and Vestibular Induced Eye Movements in Verbal Children and Adults with Autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Furman, Joseph M; Osorio, Maria J; Minshew, Nancy J	December 2015	Not Determined
25821925	Create Study	Making Inferences: Comprehension of Physical Causality, Intentionality, and Emotions in Discourse by High-Functioning Older Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Autism.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Bodner, Kimberly E; Engelhardt, Christopher R; Minshew, Nancy J; Williams, Diane L	September 2015	Not Relevant
25727858	Create Study	Multicenter mapping of structural network alterations in autism.	Human brain mapping	Valk, Sofie L; Di Martino, Adriana; Milham, Michael P; Bernhardt, Boris C	June 2015	Not Relevant
25689930	Create Study	The Development of Coordinated Communication in Infants at Heightened Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Parladé, Meaghan V; Iverson, Jana M	July 2015	Not Determined
25524571	Create Study	The relationship between stress and social functioning in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J; Eack, Shaun M	April 2015	Not Relevant
25461818	Create Study	Identifying autism from neural representations of social interactions: neurocognitive markers of autism.	PloS one	Just, Marcel Adam; Cherkassky, Vladimir L; Buchweitz, Augusto; Keller, Timothy A; Mitchell, Tom M	2014	Not Determined
25432506	Create Study	Social engagement with parents in 11-month-old siblings at high and low genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Campbell, Susan B; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Mahoney, Amanda S; Day, Taylor N; Schmidt, Emily N	November 2015	Not Determined
25326820	Create Study	Cortical variability in the sensory-evoked response in autism.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Haigh, Sarah M; Heeger, David J; Dinstein, Ilan; Minshew, Nancy; Behrmann, Marlene	May 2015	Not Relevant
25019999	Create Study	Developmental plateau in visual object processing from adolescence to adulthood in autism.	Brain and cognition	O'Hearn, Kirsten; Tanaka, James; Lynn, Andrew; Fedor, Jennifer; Minshew, Nancy; Luna, Beatriz	October 2014	Not Determined
24610869	Create Study	Emotion regulation patterns in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: comparison to typically developing adolescents and association with psychiatric symptoms.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Mazefsky CA, Borue X, Day TN, Minshew NJ	June 2014	Not Determined
24535689	Create Study	Misinterpretation of facial expressions of emotion in verbal adults with autism spectrum disorder.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Eack, Shaun M; Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J	April 2015	Not Relevant
24348363	Create Study	Age related changes in striatal resting state functional connectivity in autism.	Frontiers in human neuroscience	Padmanabhan, Aarthi; Lynn, Andrew; Foran, William; Luna, Beatriz; O'Hearn, Kirsten	January 1, 2013	Not Determined
24326863	Create Study	Exogenous spatial attention: evidence for intact functioning in adults with autism spectrum disorder.	Journal of vision	Grubb, Michael A; Behrmann, Marlene; Egan, Ryan; Minshew, Nancy J; Heeger, David J; Carrasco, Marisa	December 2013	Not Determined
24155705	Create Study	Evidence for dysregulation of axonal growth and guidance in the etiology of ASD.	Frontiers in human neuroscience	McFadden, Kathryn; Minshew, Nancy J	January 2013	Not Determined
24118709	Create Study	Fine motor skill predicts expressive language in infant siblings of children with autism.	Developmental science	LeBarton ES, Iverson JM	November 2013	Not Determined
24113343	Create Study	Maternal verbal responses to communication of infants at low and heightened risk of autism.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Leezenbaum, Nina B; Campbell, Susan B; Butler, Derrecka; Iverson, Jana M	August 2014	Not Determined
24104507	Create Study	The association between emotional and behavioral problems and gastrointestinal symptoms among children with high-functioning autism.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Mazefsky CA, Schreiber DR, Olino TM, Minshew NJ	July 2014	Not Determined
24027437	Create Study	Posture Development in Infants at Heightened vs. Low Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders.	Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies	Nickel, Lindsay R; Thatcher, Alyssa R; Keller, Flavio; Wozniak, Robert H; Iverson, Jana M	September 2013	Not Determined
23774715	Create Study	The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism.	Molecular psychiatry	Di Martino, A; Yan, C-G; Li, Q; Denio, E; Castellanos, F X; Alaerts, K; Anderson, J S; Assaf, M; Bookheimer, S Y; Dapretto, M; Deen, B; Delmonte, S; Dinstein, I; Ertl-Wagner, B; Fair, D A; Gallagher, L; Kennedy, D P; Keown, C L; Keysers, C; Lainhart, J E; Lord, C; Luna, B; Menon, V; Minshew, N J; Monk, C S; Mueller, S; Müller, R-A; Nebel, M B; Nigg, J T; O'Hearn, K; Pelphrey, K A; Peltier, S J; Rudie, J D; Sunaert, S; Thioux, M; Tyszka, J M; Uddin, L Q; Verhoeven, J S; Wenderoth, N; Wiggins, J L; Mostofsky, S H; Milham, M P	June 2014	Not Determined
23768814	Create Study	Commonalities in social and non-social cognitive impairments in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.	Schizophrenia research	Eack, Shaun M; Bahorik, Amber L; McKnight, Summer A F; Hogarty, Susan S; Greenwald, Deborah P; Newhill, Christina E; Phillips, Mary L; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Minshew, Nancy J	August 2013	Not Determined
23704935	Create Study	Dynamic regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56γ1 in nuclei induces cell migration.	PloS one	Kawahara E, Maenaka S, Shimada E, Nishimura Y, Sakurai H	2013	Not Determined
23704934	Create Study	Saccade adaptation abnormalities implicate dysfunction of cerebellar-dependent learning mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).	PloS one	Mosconi, Matthew W; Luna, Beatriz; Kay-Stacey, Margaret; Nowinski, Caralynn V; Rubin, Leah H; Scudder, Charles; Minshew, Nancy; Sweeney, John A	2013	Not Determined
23619953	Create Study	Cognitive enhancement therapy for adults with autism spectrum disorder: results of an 18-month feasibility study.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Eack, Shaun M; Greenwald, Deborah P; Hogarty, Susan S; Bahorik, Amber L; Litschge, Maralee Y; Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J	December 2013	Not Determined
23495230	Create Study	Brain function differences in language processing in children and adults with autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Williams, Diane L; Cherkassky, Vladimir L; Mason, Robert A; Keller, Timothy A; Minshew, Nancy J; Just, Marcel Adam	August 2013	Not Determined
23427075	Create Study	Endogenous spatial attention: evidence for intact functioning in adults with autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Grubb, Michael A; Behrmann, Marlene; Egan, Ryan; Minshew, Nancy J; Carrasco, Marisa; Heeger, David J	April 2013	Not Determined
23381484	Create Study	Brief report: is cognitive rehabilitation needed in verbal adults with autism? Insights from initial enrollment in a trial of cognitive enhancement therapy.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Eack SM, Bahorik AL, Hogarty SS, Greenwald DP, Litschge MY, Mazefsky CA, Minshew NJ	September 2013	Not Determined
23231694	Create Study	Spontaneous initiation of communication in infants at low and heightened risk for autism spectrum disorders.	Developmental psychology	Winder, Breanna M; Wozniak, Robert H; Parladé, Meaghan V; Iverson, Jana M	October 2013	Not Determined
23200868	Create Study	Normal binocular rivalry in autism: implications for the excitation/inhibition imbalance hypothesis.	Vision research	Said, Christopher P; Egan, Ryan D; Minshew, Nancy J; Behrmann, Marlene; Heeger, David J	January 25, 2013	Not Determined
23186793	Create Study	The spectrum of autism-from neuronal connections to behavioral expression.	The virtual mentor : VM	Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J	November 2010	Not Determined
23175749	Create Study	Object exploration at 6 and 9 months in infants with and without risk for autism.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Koterba, Erin A; Leezenbaum, Nina B; Iverson, Jana M	February 2014	Not Determined
23082151	Create Study	Is he being bad? Social and language brain networks during social judgment in children with autism.	PloS one	Carter, Elizabeth J; Williams, Diane L; Minshew, Nancy J; Lehman, Jill F	2012	Not Determined
23011251	Create Study	Brief report: comparability of DSM-IV and DSM-5 ASD research samples.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Mazefsky, C A; McPartland, J C; Gastgeb, H Z; Minshew, N J	May 2013	Not Determined
22998867	Create Study	Unreliable evoked responses in autism.	Neuron	Dinstein, Ilan; Heeger, David J; Lorenzi, Lauren; Minshew, Nancy J; Malach, Rafael; Behrmann, Marlene	September 20, 2012	Not Determined
22963232	Create Study	The development of individuation in autism.	Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance	O'Hearn, Kirsten; Franconeri, Steven; Wright, Catherine; Minshew, Nancy; Luna, Beatriz	April 2013	Not Determined
22865151	Create Study	The modality shift experiment in adults and children with high functioning autism.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Williams, Diane L; Goldstein, Gerald; Minshew, Nancy J	April 2013	Not Determined
22843504	Create Study	Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorders.	Human molecular genetics	Anney, Richard; Klei, Lambertus; Pinto, Dalila; Almeida, Joana; Bacchelli, Elena; Baird, Gillian; Bolshakova, Nadia; Bölte, Sven; Bolton, Patrick F; Bourgeron, Thomas; Brennan, Sean; Brian, Jessica; Casey, Jillian; Conroy, Judith; Correia, Catarina; Corsello, Christina; Crawford, Emily L; de Jonge, Maretha; Delorme, Richard; Duketis, Eftichia; Duque, Frederico; Estes, Annette; Farrar, Penny; Fernandez, Bridget A; Folstein, Susan E; Fombonne, Eric; Gilbert, John; Gillberg, Christopher; Glessner, Joseph T; Green, Andrew; Green, Jonathan; Guter, Stephen J; Heron, Elizabeth A; Holt, Richard; Howe, Jennifer L; Hughes, Gillian; Hus, Vanessa; Igliozzi, Roberta; Jacob, Suma; Kenny, Graham P; Kim, Cecilia; Kolevzon, Alexander; Kustanovich, Vlad; Lajonchere, Clara M; Lamb, Janine A; Law-Smith, Miriam; Leboyer, Marion; Le Couteur, Ann; Leventhal, Bennett L; Liu, Xiao-Qing; Lombard, Frances; Lord, Catherine; Lotspeich, Linda; Lund, Sabata C; Magalhaes, Tiago R; Mantoulan, Carine; McDougle, Christopher J; Melhem, Nadine M; Merikangas, Alison; Minshew, Nancy J; Mirza, Ghazala K; Munson, Jeff; Noakes, Carolyn; Nygren, Gudrun; Papanikolaou, Katerina; Pagnamenta, Alistair T; Parrini, Barbara; Paton, Tara; Pickles, Andrew; Posey, David J; Poustka, Fritz; Ragoussis, Jiannis; Regan, Regina; Roberts, Wendy; Roeder, Kathryn; Roge, Bernadette; Rutter, Michael L; Schlitt, Sabine; Shah, Naisha; Sheffield, Val C; Soorya, Latha; Sousa, Inês; Stoppioni, Vera; Sykes, Nuala; Tancredi, Raffaella; Thompson, Ann P; Thomson, Susanne; Tryfon, Ana; Tsiantis, John; Van Engeland, Herman; Vincent, John B; Volkmar, Fred; Vorstman, J A S; Wallace, Simon; Wing, Kirsty; Wittemeyer, Kerstin; Wood, Shawn; Zurawiecki, Danielle; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie; Bailey, Anthony J; Battaglia, Agatino; Cantor, Rita M; Coon, Hilary; Cuccaro, Michael L; Dawson, Geraldine; Ennis, Sean; Freitag, Christine M; Geschwind, Daniel H; Haines, Jonathan L; Klauck, Sabine M; McMahon, William M; Maestrini, Elena; Miller, Judith; Monaco, Anthony P; Nelson, Stanley F; Nurnberger Jr, John I; Oliveira, Guiomar; Parr, Jeremy R; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A; Piven, Joseph; Schellenberg, Gerard D; Scherer, Stephen W; Vicente, Astrid M; Wassink, Thomas H; Wijsman, Ellen M; Betancur, Catalina; Buxbaum, Joseph D; Cook, Edwin H; Gallagher, Louise; Gill, Michael; Hallmayer, Joachim; Paterson, Andrew D; Sutcliffe, James S; Szatmari, Peter; Vieland, Veronica J; Hakonarson, Hakon; Devlin, Bernie	November 1, 2012	Not Determined
22825929	Create Study	A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorders.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Minshew, Nancy J; Eack, Shaun M	March 2013	Not Determined
22708002	Create Study	Categorization in ASD: The Role of Typicality and Development.	Perspectives on language learning and education	Gastgeb, Holly Zajac; Strauss, Mark S	March 1, 2012	Not Determined
22677931	Create Study	Revisiting regression in autism: Heller''s dementia infantilis. Includes a translation of Über Dementia Infantilis.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Westphal, Alexander; Schelinski, Stefanie; Volkmar, Fred; Pelphrey, Kevin	February 2013	Not Determined
22642847	Create Study	ASD, a psychiatric disorder, or both? Psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents with high-functioning ASD.	Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53	Mazefsky CA, Oswald DP, Day TN, Eack SM, Minshew NJ, Lainhart JE	2012	Not Determined
22527700	Create Study	Left visual field biases when infants process faces: a comparison of infants at high- and low-risk for autism spectrum disorder.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Dundas, Eva; Gastgeb, Holly; Strauss, Mark S	December 2012	Not Determined
22353426	Create Study	Autism as a neural systems disorder: a theory of frontal-posterior underconnectivity.	Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews	Just, Marcel Adam; Keller, Timothy A; Malave, Vicente L; Kana, Rajesh K; Varma, Sashank	April 2012	Not Determined
22318760	Create Study	Motor and tactile-perceptual skill differences between individuals with high-functioning autism and typically developing individuals ages 5-21.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Abu-Dahab, Sana M N; Skidmore, Elizabeth R; Holm, Margo B; Rogers, Joan C; Minshew, Nancy J	October 2013	Not Determined
22200937	Create Study	The development of facial gender categorization in individuals with and without autism: the impact of typicality.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Strauss, Mark S; Newell, Lisa C; Best, Catherine A; Hannigen, Sarah F; Gastgeb, Holly Zajac; Giovannelli, Joyce L	September 2012	Not Determined
22139431	Create Study	Category formation in autism: can individuals with autism form categories and prototypes of dot patterns?	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Gastgeb, Holly Zajac; Dundas, Eva M; Minshew, Nancy J; Strauss, Mark S	August 2012	Not Determined
22095694	Create Study	Evidence for involvement of GNB1L in autism.	American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics	Chen, Ying-Zhang; Matsushita, Mark; Girirajan, Santhosh; Lisowski, Mark; Sun, Elizabeth; Sul, Youngmee; Bernier, Raphael; Estes, Annette; Dawson, Geraldine; Minshew, Nancy; Shellenberg, Gerard D; Eichler, Evan E; Rieder, Mark J; Nickerson, Deborah A; Tsuang, Debby W; Tsuang, Ming T; Wijsman, Ellen M; Raskind, Wendy H; Brkanac, Zoran	January 2012	Not Determined
21986874	Create Study	A lack of left visual field bias when individuals with autism process faces.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Dundas EM, Best CA, Minshew NJ, Strauss MS	June 2012	Not Determined
21890111	Create Study	Multivariate searchlight classification of structural magnetic resonance imaging in children and adolescents with autism.	Biological psychiatry	Uddin, Lucina Q; Menon, Vinod; Young, Christina B; Ryali, Srikanth; Chen, Tianwen; Khouzam, Amirah; Minshew, Nancy J; Hardan, Antonio Y	November 1, 2011	Not Determined
21733887	Study (380)	The neural basis of deictic shifting in linguistic perspective-taking in high-functioning autism.	Brain : a journal of neurology	Mizuno, Akiko; Liu, Yanni; Williams, Diane L; Keller, Timothy A; Minshew, Nancy J; Just, Marcel Adam	August 2011	Relevant
21725037	Study (381)	Distinctive neural processes during learning in autism.	Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)	Schipul SE, Williams DL, Keller TA, Minshew NJ, Just MA	April 2012	Relevant
21513720	Study (379)	Autonomy of lower-level perception from global processing in autism: evidence from brain activation and functional connectivity.	Neuropsychologia	Liu, Yanni; Cherkassky, Vladimir L; Minshew, Nancy J; Just, Marcel Adam	June 2011	Relevant
21484518	Create Study	Brain mechanisms for processing direct and averted gaze in individuals with autism.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Pitskel, Naomi B; Bolling, Danielle Z; Hudac, Caitlin M; Lantz, Stephen D; Minshew, Nancy J; Vander Wyk, Brent C; Pelphrey, Kevin A	December 2011	Not Determined
21390284	Create Study	Inter-regional brain communication and its disturbance in autism.	Frontiers in systems neuroscience	Schipul, Sarah E; Keller, Timothy A; Just, Marcel Adam	January 1, 2011	Not Determined
21363871	Create Study	Quantitative analysis of the shape of the corpus callosum in patients with autism and comparison individuals.	Autism : the international journal of research and practice	Casanova, Manuel F; El-Baz, Ayman; Elnakib, Ahmed; Switala, Andrew E; Williams, Emily L; Williams, Diane L; Minshew, Nancy J; Conturo, Thomas E	March 2011	Not Determined
21318641	Create Study	Can individuals with autism abstract prototypes of natural faces?	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Gastgeb HZ, Wilkinson DA, Minshew NJ, Strauss MS	December 2011	Not Determined
21265943	Create Study	Reduced central white matter volume in autism: implications for long-range connectivity.	Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences	Jou, Roger J; Mateljevic, Natasa; Minshew, Nancy J; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Hardan, Antonio Y	February 2011	Not Determined
21254449	Create Study	Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	O'Hearn K, Lakusta L, Schroer E, Minshew N, Luna B	April 2011	Not Determined
20963441	Create Study	Genome-scan for IQ discrepancy in autism: evidence for loci on chromosomes 10 and 16.	Human genetics	Chapman, Nicola H; Estes, Annette; Munson, Jeff; Bernier, Raphael; Webb, Sara J; Rothstein, Joseph H; Minshew, Nancy J; Dawson, Geraldine; Schellenberg, Gerard D; Wijsman, Ellen M	January 2011	Not Determined
20833154	Create Study	Enlarged right superior temporal gyrus in children and adolescents with autism.	Brain research	Jou, Roger J; Minshew, Nancy J; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Vitale, Matthew P; Hardan, Antonio Y	November 11, 2010	Not Determined
20832784	Create Study	The anatomy of the callosal and visual-association pathways in high-functioning autism: a DTI tractography study.	Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior	Thomas, Cibu; Humphreys, Kate; Jung, Kwan-Jin; Minshew, Nancy; Behrmann, Marlene	July 2011	Not Determined
20813119	Create Study	Lack of developmental improvement on a face memory task during adolescence in autism.	Neuropsychologia	O'Hearn K, Schroer E, Minshew N, Luna B	November 2010	Not Determined
20740492	Study (378)	Cortical underconnectivity coupled with preserved visuospatial cognition in autism: Evidence from an fMRI study of an embedded figures task.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Damarla, Saudamini Roy; Keller, Timothy A; Kana, Rajesh K; Cherkassky, Vladimir L; Williams, Diane L; Minshew, Nancy J; Just, Marcel Adam	October 2010	Relevant
20531469	Create Study	Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders.	Nature	Pinto, Dalila; Pagnamenta, Alistair T; Klei, Lambertus; Anney, Richard; Merico, Daniele; Regan, Regina; Conroy, Judith; Magalhaes, Tiago R; Correia, Catarina; Abrahams, Brett S; Almeida, Joana; Bacchelli, Elena; Bader, Gary D; Bailey, Anthony J; Baird, Gillian; Battaglia, Agatino; Berney, Tom; Bolshakova, Nadia; Bölte, Sven; Bolton, Patrick F; Bourgeron, Thomas; Brennan, Sean; Brian, Jessica; Bryson, Susan E; Carson, Andrew R; Casallo, Guillermo; Casey, Jillian; Chung, Brian H Y; Cochrane, Lynne; Corsello, Christina; Crawford, Emily L; Crossett, Andrew; Cytrynbaum, Cheryl; Dawson, Geraldine; de Jonge, Maretha; Delorme, Richard; Drmic, Irene; Duketis, Eftichia; Duque, Frederico; Estes, Annette; Farrar, Penny; Fernandez, Bridget A; Folstein, Susan E; Fombonne, Eric; Freitag, Christine M; Gilbert, John; Gillberg, Christopher; Glessner, Joseph T; Goldberg, Jeremy; Green, Andrew; Green, Jonathan; Guter, Stephen J; Hakonarson, Hakon; Heron, Elizabeth A; Hill, Matthew; Holt, Richard; Howe, Jennifer L; Hughes, Gillian; Hus, Vanessa; Igliozzi, Roberta; Kim, Cecilia; Klauck, Sabine M; Kolevzon, Alexander; Korvatska, Olena; Kustanovich, Vlad; Lajonchere, Clara M; Lamb, Janine A; Laskawiec, Magdalena; Leboyer, Marion; Le Couteur, Ann; Leventhal, Bennett L; Lionel, Anath C; Liu, Xiao-Qing; Lord, Catherine; Lotspeich, Linda; Lund, Sabata C; Maestrini, Elena; Mahoney, William; Mantoulan, Carine; Marshall, Christian R; McConachie, Helen; McDougle, Christopher J; McGrath, Jane; McMahon, William M; Merikangas, Alison; Migita, Ohsuke; Minshew, Nancy J; Mirza, Ghazala K; Munson, Jeff; Nelson, Stanley F; Noakes, Carolyn; Noor, Abdul; Nygren, Gudrun; Oliveira, Guiomar; Papanikolaou, Katerina; Parr, Jeremy R; Parrini, Barbara; Paton, Tara; Pickles, Andrew; Pilorge, Marion; Piven, Joseph; Ponting, Chris P; Posey, David J; Poustka, Annemarie; Poustka, Fritz; Prasad, Aparna; Ragoussis, Jiannis; Renshaw, Katy; Rickaby, Jessica; Roberts, Wendy; Roeder, Kathryn; Roge, Bernadette; Rutter, Michael L; Bierut, Laura J; Rice, John P; Salt, Jeff; Sansom, Katherine; Sato, Daisuke; Segurado, Ricardo; Sequeira, Ana F; Senman, Lili; Shah, Naisha; Sheffield, Val C; Soorya, Latha; Sousa, Inês; Stein, Olaf; Sykes, Nuala; Stoppioni, Vera; Strawbridge, Christina; Tancredi, Raffaella; Tansey, Katherine; Thiruvahindrapduram, Bhooma; Thompson, Ann P; Thomson, Susanne; Tryfon, Ana; Tsiantis, John; Van Engeland, Herman; Vincent, John B; Volkmar, Fred; Wallace, Simon; Wang, Kai; Wang, Zhouzhi; Wassink, Thomas H; Webber, Caleb; Weksberg, Rosanna; Wing, Kirsty; Wittemeyer, Kerstin; Wood, Shawn; Wu, Jing; Yaspan, Brian L; Zurawiecki, Danielle; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie; Buxbaum, Joseph D; Cantor, Rita M; Cook, Edwin H; Coon, Hilary; Cuccaro, Michael L; Devlin, Bernie; Ennis, Sean; Gallagher, Louise; Geschwind, Daniel H; Gill, Michael; Haines, Jonathan L; Hallmayer, Joachim; Miller, Judith; Monaco, Anthony P; Nurnberger Jr, John I; Paterson, Andrew D; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A; Schellenberg, Gerard D; Szatmari, Peter; Vicente, Astrid M; Vieland, Veronica J; Wijsman, Ellen M; Scherer, Stephen W; Sutcliffe, James S; Betancur, Catalina	July 15, 2010	Not Determined
20471358	Create Study	Normal movement selectivity in autism.	Neuron	Dinstein I, Thomas C, Humphreys K, Minshew N, Behrmann M, Heeger DJ	May 13, 2010	Not Determined
20446172	Create Study	Experimental manipulation of face-evoked activity in the fusiform gyrus of individuals with autism.	Social neuroscience	Perlman, Susan B; Hudac, Caitlin M; Pegors, Teresa; Minshew, Nancy J; Pelphrey, Kevin A	2011	Not Determined
20437604	Create Study	Gender discrimination of eyes and mouths by individuals with autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Best, Catherine A; Minshew, Nancy J; Strauss, Mark S	April 2010	Not Determined
20413799	Create Study	Cortical gyrification in autistic and Asperger disorders: a preliminary magnetic resonance imaging study.	Journal of child neurology	Jou, Roger J; Minshew, Nancy J; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Hardan, Antonio Y	December 2010	Not Determined
20300817	Create Study	Memory awareness for faces in individuals with autism.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Wilkinson, Desirée A; Best, Catherine A; Minshew, Nancy J; Strauss, Mark S	November 2010	Not Determined
20154614	Create Study	The nature of brain dysfunction in autism: functional brain imaging studies.	Current opinion in neurology	Minshew, Nancy J; Keller, Timothy A	April 2010	Not Determined
20097663	Create Study	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex magnetic resonance imaging measurements and cognitive performance in autism.	Journal of child neurology	Griebling, Jessica; Minshew, Nancy J; Bodner, Kimberly; Libove, Robin; Bansal, Rahul; Konasale, Prasad; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Hardan, Antonio	July 2010	Not Determined
20056152	Create Study	Brain mechanisms for representing what another person sees.	NeuroImage	Heyda, Ratha D; Green, Steven R; Vander Wyk, Brent C; Morris, James P; Pelphrey, Kevin A	April 1, 2010	Not Determined
19950303	Create Study	Local vs. global approaches to reproducing the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure by children, adolescents, and adults with high-functioning autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Kuschner ES, Bodner KE, Minshew NJ	December 2009	Not Determined
19877157	Create Study	Prototype formation in autism: can individuals with autism abstract facial prototypes?	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Gastgeb, Holly Zajac; Rump, Keiran M; Best, Catherine A; Minshew, Nancy J; Strauss, Mark S	October 2009	Not Determined
19812673	Create Study	A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism.	Nature	Weiss, Lauren A; Arking, Dan E; Gene Discovery Project of Johns Hopkins & the Autism Consortium; Daly, Mark J; Chakravarti, Aravinda	October 2009	Not Determined
19781917	Create Study	Corpus callosum volume in children with autism.	Psychiatry research	Hardan, Antonio Y; Pabalan, Melissa; Gupta, Nidhi; Bansal, Rahul; Melhem, Nadine M; Fedorov, Serguei; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Minshew, Nancy J	October 30, 2009	Not Determined
19765010	Create Study	The development of emotion recognition in individuals with autism.	Child development	Rump, Keiran M; Giovannelli, Joyce L; Minshew, Nancy J; Strauss, Mark S	January 2009	Not Determined
19708061	Create Study	Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real-life viewing conditions.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Hasson, Uri; Avidan, Galia; Gelbard, Hagar; Vallines, Ignacio; Harel, Michal; Minshew, Nancy; Behrmann, Marlene	August 2009	Not Determined
19520362	Create Study	A preliminary longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of brain volume and cortical thickness in autism.	Biological psychiatry	Hardan, Antonio Y; Libove, Robin A; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Melhem, Nadine M; Minshew, Nancy J	August 15, 2009	Not Determined
19422619	Create Study	Action understanding in the superior temporal sulcus region.	Psychological science	Wyk BC, Hudac CM, Carter EJ, Sobel DM, Pelphrey KA	June 2009	Not Determined
19404256	Create Study	Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders.	Nature	Wang, Kai; Zhang, Haitao; Ma, Deqiong; Bucan, Maja; Glessner, Joseph T; Abrahams, Brett S; Salyakina, Daria; Imielinski, Marcin; Bradfield, Jonathan P; Sleiman, Patrick M A; Kim, Cecilia E; Hou, Cuiping; Frackelton, Edward; Chiavacci, Rosetta; Takahashi, Nagahide; Sakurai, Takeshi; Rappaport, Eric; Lajonchere, Clara M; Munson, Jeffrey; Estes, Annette; Korvatska, Olena; Piven, Joseph; Sonnenblick, Lisa I; Alvarez Retuerto, Ana I; Herman, Edward I; Dong, Hongmei; Hutman, Ted; Sigman, Marian; Ozonoff, Sally; Klin, Ami; Owley, Thomas; Sweeney, John A; Brune, Camille W; Cantor, Rita M; Bernier, Raphael; Gilbert, John R; Cuccaro, Michael L; McMahon, William M; Miller, Judith; State, Matthew W; Wassink, Thomas H; Coon, Hilary; Levy, Susan E; Schultz, Robert T; Nurnberger, John I; Haines, Jonathan L; Sutcliffe, James S; Cook, Edwin H; Minshew, Nancy J; Buxbaum, Joseph D; Dawson, Geraldine; Grant, Struan F A; Geschwind, Daniel H; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A; Schellenberg, Gerard D; Hakonarson, Hakon	May 28, 2009	Not Determined
19360658	Create Study	Missing the big picture: impaired development of global shape processing in autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Scherf, K Suzanne; Luna, Beatriz; Kimchi, Ruth; Minshew, Nancy; Behrmann, Marlene	April 2008	Not Determined
19360650	Create Study	Cortical patterns of category-selective activation for faces, places and objects in adults with autism.	Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research	Humphreys K, Hasson U, Avidan G, Minshew N, Behrmann M	February 2008	Not Determined
19232577	Create Study	Lateralized response timing deficits in autism.	Biological psychiatry	D'Cruz AM, Mosconi MW, Steele S, Rubin LH, Luna B, Minshew N, Sweeney JA	August 2009	Not Determined
19165587	Create Study	Corpus callosum volume and neurocognition in autism.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Keary, Christopher J; Minshew, Nancy J; Bansal, Rahul; Goradia, Dhruman; Fedorov, Serguei; Keshavan, Matcheri S; Hardan, Antonio Y	June 2009	Not Determined
18954478	Create Study	Patterns of visual sensory and sensorimotor abnormalities in autism vary in relation to history of early language delay.	Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS	Takarae, Yukari; Luna, Beatriz; Minshew, Nancy J; Sweeney, John A	November 2008	Not Determined
18954474	Create Study	Neuronal fiber pathway abnormalities in autism: an initial MRI diffusion tensor tracking study of hippocampo-fusiform and amygdalo-fusiform pathways.	Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS	Conturo TE, Williams DL, Smith CD, Gultepe E, Akbudak E, Minshew NJ	November 2008	Not Relevant
18812009	Create Study	Brainstem volumetric alterations in children with autism.	Psychological medicine	Jou, R J; Minshew, N J; Melhem, N M; Keshavan, M S; Hardan, A Y	August 2009	Not Determined
18633829	Create Study	Atypical frontal-posterior synchronization of Theory of Mind regions in autism during mental state attribution.	Social neuroscience	Kana, Rajesh K; Keller, Timothy A; Cherkassky, Vladimir L; Minshew, Nancy J; Just, Marcel Adam	2009	Not Determined
18516234	Create Study	Do individuals with high functioning autism have the IQ profile associated with nonverbal learning disability?	Research in autism spectrum disorders	Williams, Diane L; Goldstein, Gerald; Kojkowski, Nicole; Minshew, Nancy J	June 2008	Not Determined
18508243	Create Study	An MRI and proton spectroscopy study of the thalamus in children with autism.	Psychiatry research	Hardan AY, Minshew NJ, Melhem NM, Srihari S, Jo B, Bansal R, Keshavan MS, Stanley JA	July 15, 2008	Not Determined
18444708	Create Study	The structure of intelligence in children and adults with high functioning autism.	Neuropsychology	Goldstein, Gerald; Allen, Daniel N; Minshew, Nancy J; Williams, Diane L; Volkmar, Fred; Klin, Ami; Schultz, Robert T	May 2008	Not Determined
18422548	Create Study	Atypical development of face and greeble recognition in autism.	Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines	Scherf, K Suzanne; Behrmann, Marlene; Minshew, Nancy; Luna, Beatriz	August 2008	Not Determined
18302014	Create Study	Sensory sensitivities and performance on sensory perceptual tasks in high-functioning individuals with autism.	Journal of autism and developmental disorders	Minshew, Nancy J; Hobson, Jessica A	September 2008	Not Determined
18188537	Create Study	Variability in adaptive behavior in autism: evidence for the importance of family history.	Journal of abnormal child psychology	Mazefsky CA, Williams DL, Minshew NJ	May 2008	Not Relevant
17869314	Create Study	Theory of Mind disruption and recruitment of the right hemisphere during narrative comprehension in autism.	Neuropsychologia	Mason, Robert A; Williams, Diane L; Kana, Rajesh K; Minshew, Nancy; Just, Marcel Adam	January 2008	Not Determined

helpcenter.collection.publications-tab

Collection - Publications

The number of Publications is displayed in parentheses next to the tab name. Clicking on any of the Publication Titles will open the Publication in a new internet browsing tab.

Collection Owners, Program Officers, and users with Submission or Administrative Privileges for the Collection may mark a publication as either Relevant or Not Relevant in the Status column.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I determine if a publication is relevant?

Publications are considered relevant to a collection when the data shared is directly related to the project or collection.
Where does the NDA get the publications?

PubMed, an online library containing journals, articles, and medical research. Sponsored by NiH and National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Glossary

Create Study

A link to the Create an NDA Study page that can be clicked to start creating an NDA Study with information such as the title, journal and authors automatically populated.
Not Determined Publication

Indicates that the publication has not yet been reviewed and/or marked as Relevant or Not Relevant so it has not been determined whether an NDA Study is expected.
Not Relevant Publication

A publication that is not based on data related to the aims of the grant/project associated with the Collection or not based on any data such as a review article and, therefore, an NDA Study is not expected to be created.
PubMed

PubMed provides citation information for biomedical and life sciences publications and is managed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine.
PubMed ID

The PUBMed ID is the unique ID number for the publication as recorded in the PubMed database.
Relevant Publication

A publication that is based on data related to the aims of the grant/project associated with the Collection and, therefore, an NDA Study is expected to be created.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Data Expected List: Mandatory Data Structures

These data structures are mandatory for your NDA Collection. Please update the Targeted Enrollment number to accurately represent the number of subjects you expect to submit for the entire study.

For NIMH HIV-related research that involves human research participants: Select the dictionary or dictionaries most appropriate for your research. If your research does not require all three data dictionaries, just ignore the ones you do not need. There is no need to delete extra data dictionaries from your NDA Collection. You can adjust the Targeted Enrollment column in the Data Expected tab to “0” for those unnecessary data dictionaries. At least one of the three data dictionaries must have a non-zero value.

Data Expected	Targeted Enrollment	Initial Submission	Subjects Submitted	Initial Share	Subjects Shared	Status
Research Subject and Pedigree	1,977	07/15/2008	813	11/15/2008	813	Approved

To create your project's Data Expected list, use the "+New Data Expected" to add or request existing structures and to request new Data Structures that are not in the NDA Data Dictionary.

If the Structure you need already exists, locate it and specify your dates and enrollment when adding it to your Data Expected list. If you require changes to the Structure you need, select the indicator stating "No, it requires changes to meet research needs," and upload a file containing your requested changes.

If the structure you need is not yet defined in the Data Dictionary, you can select "Upload Definition" and attach the necessary materials to request its creation.

When selecting the expected dates for your data, make sure to follow the standard Data Sharing Regimen and choose dates within the date ranges that correspond to your project start and end dates.

Please visit the Completing Your Data Expected Tutorial for more information.

Data Expected List: Data Structures per Research Aims

These data structures are specific to your research aims and should list all data structures in which data will be collected and submitted for this NDA Collection. Please update the Targeted Enrollment number to accurately represent the number of subjects you expect to submit for the entire study.

Data Expected	Targeted Enrollment	Initial Submission	Subjects Submitted	Initial Share	Subjects Shared	Status
Mullen Scales of Early Learning	1,977	07/15/2008	141	11/15/2008	141	Approved
Genomics/omics	1,977	07/31/2013	0	11/30/2013	0	Approved
Childrens Memory Scale (CMS)	1,977	09/01/2012	158	11/15/2012	158	Approved
ADOS	1,977	07/15/2008	455	11/15/2008	455	Approved
Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities and Achievement	1,977	09/01/2012	37	11/15/2012	37	Approved
ADI-R	1,977	07/15/2008	237	11/15/2008	237	Approved
Reading the Mind in the Eyes	1,977	09/01/2012	380	11/15/2012	380	Approved
Medical History	1,977	07/15/2008	428	11/15/2008	428	Approved
Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)	1,977	07/15/2008	175	11/15/2008	175	Approved
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)	1,977	07/15/2008	463	11/15/2008	463	Approved
NEO Personality Inventory	1,977	09/01/2012	61	11/15/2012	61	Approved
Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ)	1,977	07/15/2008	325	11/15/2008	325	Approved
Demographics	1,977	07/15/2008	1,035	11/15/2008	1,035	Approved
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)	1,977	09/01/2012	128	11/15/2012	128	Approved
Childrens Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2)	1,977	09/01/2012	102	11/15/2012	102	Approved
Grooved Pegboard Test	1,977	09/01/2012	361	11/15/2012	361	Approved
M-CHAT	1,977	09/01/2012	94	11/15/2012	94	Approved
Test of Language Competence - Expanded Edition (TLC-E)	1,977	09/01/2012	349	11/15/2012	349	Approved
Finger Tapping Test	1,977	09/01/2012	366	11/15/2012	366	Approved
Laterality Dominance	1,977	09/01/2012	458	11/15/2012	458	Approved
Theory of Mind	1,977	09/01/2012	220	11/15/2012	220	Approved
Twenty Questions Task	1,977	09/01/2012	37	11/15/2012	37	Approved
MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventory	1,977	09/01/2012	92	11/15/2012	92	Approved
Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT)	1,977	09/01/2012	354	11/15/2012	354	Approved
Physical Exam	1,977	07/15/2008	299	11/15/2008	299	Approved
Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF)	1,977	09/01/2012	33	11/15/2012	33	Approved
Wide Range Achievement Test	1,977	09/01/2012	459	11/15/2012	459	Approved
Vineland (Parent and Caregiver)	1,977	07/15/2008	406	11/15/2008	406	Approved
Imaging (Structural, fMRI, DTI, PET, microscopy)	1,977	09/01/2012	75	11/15/2012	75	Approved
EEG	1,977	07/15/2014	0	11/15/2014	0	Approved

Structure not yet defined

No Status history for this Data Expected has been recorded yet

helpcenter.collection.data-expected-tab

Collection - Data Expected

The Data Expected tab displays the list of all data that NDA expects to receive in association with the Collection as defined by the contributing researcher, as well as the dates for the expected initial upload of the data, and when it is first expected to be shared, or with the research community. Above the primary table of Data Expected, any publications determined to be relevant to the data within the Collection are also displayed - members of the contributing research group can use these to define NDA Studies, connecting those papers to underlying data in NDA.

The tab is used both as a reference for those accessing shared data, providing information on what is expected and when it will be shared, and as the primary tracking mechanism for contributing projects. It is used by both contributing primary researchers, secondary researchers, and NIH Program and Grants Management staff.

Researchers who are starting their project need to update their Data Expected list to include all the Data Structures they are collecting under their grant and set their initial submission and sharing schedule according to the NDA Data Sharing Regimen.

To add existing Data Structures from the Data Dictionary, to request new Data Structure that are not in the Dictionary, or to request changes to existing Data Structures, click "+New Data Expected".

For step-by-step instructions on how to add existing Data Structures, request changes to an existing Structure, or request a new Data Structure, please visit the Completing Your Data Expected Tutorial.

If you are a contributing researcher creating this list for the first time, or making changes to the list as your project progress, please note the following:

Although items you add to the list and changes you make are displayed, they are not committed to the system until you Save the entire page using the "Save" button at the bottom of your screen. Please Save after every change to ensure none of your work is lost.
If you attempt to add a new structure, the title you provide must be unique - if another structure exists with the same name your change will fail.
Adding a new structure to this list is the only way to request the creation of a new Data Dictionary definition.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an NDA Data Structure?

An NDA Data Structure is comprised of multiple Data Elements to make up an electronic definition of an assessment, measure, questionnaire, etc will have a corresponding Data Structure.
What is the NDA Data Dictionary?

The NDA Data Dictionary is comprised of electronic definitions known as Data Structures.

Glossary

Analyzed Data

Data specific to the primary aims of the research being conducted (e.g. outcome measures, other dependent variables, observations, laboratory results, analyzed images, volumetric data, etc.) including processed images.
Data Item

Items listed on the Data Expected list in the Collection which may be an individual and discrete Data Structure, Data Structure Category, or Data Structure Group.
Data Structure

A defined organization and group of Data Elements to represent an electronic definition of a measure, assessment, questionnaire, or collection of data points. Data structures that have been defined in the NDA Data Dictionary are available at https://nda.nih.gov/general-query.html?q=query=data-structure
Data Structure Category

An NDA term describing the affiliation of a Data Structure to a Category, which may be disease/disorder or diagnosis related (Depression, ADHD, Psychosis), specific to data type (MRI, eye tracking, omics), or type of data (physical exam, IQ).
Data Structure Group

A Data Item listed on the Data Expected tab of a Collection that indicates a group of Data Structures (e.g., ADOS or SCID) for which data may be submitted instead of a specific Data Structure identified by version, module, edition, etc. For example, the ADOS Data Structure Category includes every ADOS Data Structure such as ADOS Module 1, ADOS Module 2, ADOS Module 1 - 2nd Edition, etc. The SCID Data Structure Group includes every SCID Data Structure such as SCID Mania, SCID V Mania, SCID PTSD, SCID-V Diagnosis, and more.
Evaluated Data

A new Data Structure category, Evaluated Data is analyzed data resulting from the use of computational pipelines in the Cloud and can be uploaded directly back to a miNDAR database. Evaluated Data is expected to be listed as a Data Item in the Collection's Data Expected Tab.
Imaging Data

Imaging+ is an NDA term which encompasses all imaging related data including, but not limited to, images (DTI, MRI, PET, Structural, Spectroscopy, etc.) as well as neurosignal data (EEG, fMRI, MEG, EGG, eye tracking, etc.) and Evaluated Data.
Initial Share Date

Initial Submission and Initial Share dates should be populated according to the NDA Data Sharing Terms and Conditions. Any modifications to these will go through the approval processes outlined above. Data will be shared with authorized users upon publication (via an NDA Study) or 1-2 years after the grant end date specified on the first Notice of Award, as defined in the applicable Data Sharing Terms and Conditions.
Initial Submission Date

Initial Submission and Initial Share dates should be populated according to these NDA Data Sharing Terms and Conditions. Any modifications to these will go through the approval processes outlined above. Data for all subjects is not expected on the Initial Submission Date and modifications may be made as necessary based on the project's conduct.
Research Subject and Pedigree

An NDA created Data Structure used to convey basic information about the subject such as demographics, pedigree (links family GUIDs), diagnosis/phenotype, and sample location that are critical to allow for easier querying of shared data.
Submission Cycle

The NDA has two Submission Cycles per year - January 15 and July 15.
Submission Exemption

An interface to notify NDA that data may not be submitted during the upcoming/current submission cycle.

Contact NDA Help Desk

Collection Owners and those with Collection Administrator permission, may edit a collection. The following is currently available for Edit on this page:

Associated Studies

Studies that have been defined using data from a Collection are important criteria to determine the value of data shared. The number of subjects column displays the counts from this Collection that are included in a Study, out of the total number of subjects in that study. The Data Use column represents whether or not the study is a primary analysis of the data or a secondary analysis. State indicates whether the study is private or shared with the research community.

Study NameFilter by Study Name	AbstractFilter by Abstract	Collection/Study SubjectsFilter by Collection/Study Subjects	Data UsageFilter by Data Usage	StateFilter by State
Examining the validity of the use of ratio IQs in psychological assessments	IQ tests are amongst the most used psychological assessments, both in research and clinical settings. For participants who cannot complete IQ tests normed for their age, ratio IQ scores (RIQ) are routinely computed and used as a proxy of IQ, especially in large research databases to avoid missing data points. However, because it has never been scientifically validated, this practice is questionable. In the era of big data, it is important to examine the validity of this widely used practice. In this paper, we use the case of autism to examine the differences between standard full-scale IQ (FSIQ) and RIQ. Data was extracted from four databases in which ages, FSIQ scores and subtests raw scores were available for autistic participants between 2 and 17 years old. The IQ tests included were the MSEL (N=12033), DAS-II early years (N=1270), DAS-II school age (N=2848), WISC-IV (N=471) and WISC-V (N=129). RIQs were computed for each participant as well as the discrepancy (DSC) between RIQ and FSIQ. We performed two linear regressions to respectively assess the effect of FSIQ and of age on the DSC for each IQ test, followed by additional analyses comparing age subgroups as well as FSIQ subgroups on DSC. Participants at the extremes of the FSIQ distribution tended to have a greater DSC than participants with average FSIQ. Furthermore, age significantly predicted the DSC, with RIQ superior to FSIQ for younger participants while the opposite was found for older participants. These results question the validity of this widely used alternative scoring method, especially for individuals at the extremes of the normal distribution, with whom RIQs are most often employed.	141/17423	Secondary Analysis	Shared
The importance of low IQ to early diagnosis of autism	Some individuals can flexibly adapt to life’s changing demands while others, in particular those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), find it challenging. The origin of early individual differences in cognitive abilities, the putative tools with which to navigate novel information in life, including in infants later diagnosed with ASD remains unexplored. Moreover, the role of intelligence quotient (IQ) vis-à-vis core features of autism remains debated. We systematically investigate the contribution of early IQ in future autism outcomes in an extremely large, population-based study of 8,000 newborns, infants, and toddlers from the US between 2 and 68 months with over 15,000 cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments, and for whom autism outcomes are ascertained or ruled out by about 2-4 years. This population is representative of subjects involved in the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research, mainly on atypical development, in the US. Analyses using predetermined age bins showed that IQ scores are consistently lower in ASD relative to TD at all ages (p<0.001), and IQ significantly correlates with calibrated severity scores (total CSS, as well as non-verbal and verbal CSS) on the ADOS. Note, VIQ is no better than the full-scale IQ to predict ASD cases. These findings raise new, compelling questions about potential atypical brain circuitry affecting performance in both verbal and nonverbal abilities and that precede an ASD diagnosis. This study is the first to establish prospectively that low early IQ is a major feature of ASD in early childhood.	138/6323	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Prognostic early snapshot stratification of autism based on adaptive functioning	A major goal of precision medicine is to predict prognosis based on individualized information at the earliest possible points in development. Using early snapshots of adaptive functioning and unsupervised data- driven discovery methods, we uncover highly stable early autism subtypes that yield information relevant to later prognosis. Data from the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA) (n = 1,098) was used to uncover three early subtypes (<72 months) that generalize with 96% accuracy. Outcome data from NDA (n = 2,561; mean age, 13 years) also reproducibly clusters into three subtypes with 99% generalization accuracy. Early snapshot subtypes predict developmental trajectories in non-verbal cognitive, language and motor domains and are predictive of membership in different adaptive functioning outcome subtypes. Robust and prognosis- relevant subtyping of autism based on early snapshots of adaptive functioning may aid future research work via prediction of these subtypes with our reproducible stratification model.	176/3517	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Psychometric Analysis of the Social Communication Questionnaire Using an Item-Response Theory Framework: Implications for the Use of the Lifetime and Current Forms	The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was developed as a screener of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To date, the majority of the SCQ utility studies focused on its external validity (e.g., ROC curve analyses), but very few have addressed the internal validity issues. With samples consisting of 2,134 individuals available from the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR), the current study examined the factor structure, item-level characteristics, and measurement equivalence of the SCQ forms (i.e., Lifetime form and Current form) using both the classical true score theory and the item response theory (IRT). While our findings indicate sufficient psychometric properties of the SCQ Lifetime form, measurement issues emerged with respect to the SCQ Current form. These issues include lower internal consistencies, a weaker factor structure, lower item discriminations, significant pseudo-guessing effects, and subscale-level measurement bias. Thus, we caution researchers and clinicians about the use of the SCQ Current form. In particular, it seems inappropriate to use the Current form as an alternative to the Lifetime form among children younger than 5 years old or under other special situations (e.g., teacher-report data), although such practices were advised by the publisher of the SCQ. Instead, we recommend modifying the wording of the Lifetime form items rather than switching to the Current form where a 3-month timeframe is specified for responding to SCQ items. Future studies may consider investigating the association between the temporality of certain behaviors and the individual’s potential for being diagnosed with ASD, as well as the age neutrality of the SCQ.	277/2054	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Unravelling the Collective Diagnostic Power Behind the Features in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule	Background: Autism is a group of heterogeneous disorders defined by deficits in social interaction and communication. Typically, diagnosis depends on the results of a behavioural examination called the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Unfortunately, administration of the ADOS exam is time-consuming and requires a significant amount of expert intervention, leading to delays in diagnosis and access to early intervention programs. The diagnostic power of each feature in the ADOS exam is currently unknown. Our hypothesis is that certain features could be removed from the exam without a significant reduction in diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity or specificity. Objective: Determine the smallest subset of predictive features in ADOS module-1 (an exam variant for patients with minimal verbal skills). Methodology: ADOS module-1 datasets were acquired from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange and the National Database for Autism Research. The datasets contained 2572 samples with the following labels: autism (1763), autism spectrum (513), and non-autism (296). The datasets were used as input to 4 different cost-sensitive classifiers in Weka (functional trees, LADTree, logistic model trees, and PART). For each classifier, a 10-fold cross validation was preformed and the number of predictive features, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity was recorded. Results & Conclusion: Each classifier resulted in a reduction of the number of ADOS features required for autism diagnosis. The LADtree classifier was able to obtain the largest reduction, utilizing only 10 of 29 ADOS module-1 features (96.8% accuracy, 96.9% sensitivity, and 95.9% specificity). Overall, these results are a step towards a more efficient behavioural exam for autism diagnosis.	101/1832	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Imbalanced social-communicative and restricted repetitive behavior subtypes in autism spectrum disorder exhibit different neural circuitry	Social-communication (SC) and restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are autism diagnostic symptom domains. SC and RRB severity can markedly differ within and between individuals and may be underpinned by different neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms. Modeling SC-RRB balance could help identify how neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms map onto such phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we developed a phenotypic stratification model that makes highly accurate (97–99%) out-of-sample SC = RRB, SC > RRB, and RRB > SC subtype predictions. Applying this model to resting state fMRI data from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset (n = 509), we find that while the phenotypic subtypes share many commonalities in terms of intrinsic functional connectivity, they also show replicable differences within some networks compared to a typically-developing group (TD). Specifically, the somatomotor network is hypoconnected with perisylvian circuitry in SC > RRB and visual association circuitry in SC = RRB. The SC = RRB subtype show hyperconnectivity between medial motor and anterior salience circuitry. Genes that are highly expressed within these networks show a differential enrichment pattern with known autism-associated genes, indicating that such circuits are affected by differing autism-associated genomic mechanisms. These results suggest that SC-RRB imbalance subtypes share many commonalities, but also express subtle differences in functional neural circuitry and the genomic underpinnings behind such circuitry.	167/1708	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Derivation of Brain Structure Volumes from MRI Neuroimages hosted by NDAR using C-PAC pipeline and ANTs	An automated pipeline was developed to reference Neuroimages hosted by the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) and derive volumes for distinct brain structures using Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) and the Configurable-Pipeline for the Analysis of Connectomes (C-PAC) platform. This pipeline utilized the ANTs cortical thickness methodology discuessed in "Large-Scale Evaluation of ANTs and Freesurfer Cortical Tchickness Measurements" [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24879923] to extract a cortical thickness volume from T1-weighted anatomical MRI data gathered from the NDAR database. This volume was then registered to an stereotaxic-space anatomical template (OASIS-30 Atropos Template) which was acquired from the Mindboggle Project webpage [http://mindboggle.info/data.html]. After registration, the mean cortical thickness was calculated at 31 ROIs on each hemisphere of the cortex and using the Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT-31) cortical labelling protocol [http://mindboggle.info/faq/labels.html] over the OASIS-30 template. NOTE: This study is ongoing; additional data my be available in the future. As a result, each subject that was processed has a cortical thickness volume image and a text file with the mean thickness ROIs (in mm) stored in Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage Service (S3). Additionally, these results were tabulated in an AWS-hosted database (through NDAR) to enable simple, efficient querying and data access. All of the code used to perform this analysis is publicly available on Github [https://github.com/FCP-INDI/ndar-dev]. Additionally, as a computing platform, we developed an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that comes fully equipped to run this pipeline on any dataset. Using AWS Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2), users can launch our publicly available AMI ("C-PAC with benchmark", AMI ID: "ami-fee34296", N. Virginia region) and run the ANTs cortical thickness pipeline. The AMI is fully compatible with Sun Grid Engine as well; this enables users to perform many pipeline runs in parallel over a cluster-computing framework.	38/1428	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Revising the Social Communication Questionnaire scoring procedures for Autism Spectrum Disorder and potential Social Communication Disorder	In analyzing data from the National Database for Autism Research, we examine revising the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), a commonly used screening instrument for Autism Spectrum Disorder. A combination of Item Response Theory and Mokken scaling techniques were utilized to achieve this and abbreviated scoring of the SCQ is suggested. The psychometric sensitivity of this abbreviated SCQ was examined via bootstrapped Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Additionally, we examined the sensitivity of the abbreviated and total scaled SCQ as it relates to a potential diagnosis of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD). As SCD is a new disorder introduced with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), we identified individuals with potential diagnosis of SCD among individuals with ASD via mixture modeling techniques using the same NDAR data. These analyses revealed two classes or clusters of individuals when considering the two core areas of impairment among individuals with ASD: social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.	97/889	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Brain-based sex differences in autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan: A systematic review of structural MRI, fMRI, and DTI findings	Females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been long overlooked in neuroscience research, but emerging evidence suggests they show distinct phenotypic trajectories and age-related brain differences. Sex-related biological factors (e.g., hormones, genes) may play a role in ASD etiology and have been shown to influence neurodevelopmental trajectories. Thus, a lifespan approach is warranted to understand brain-based sex differences in ASD. This systematic review on MRI-based sex differences in ASD was conducted to elucidate variations across the lifespan and inform biomarker discovery of ASD in females. We identified articles through two database searches. Fifty studies met criteria and underwent integrative review. We found that regions expressing replicable sex-by-diagnosis differences across studies overlapped with regions showing sex differences in neurotypical (NT) cohorts, in particular regions showing NT male>female volumes. Furthermore, studies investigating age-related brain differences across a broad age-span suggest distinct neurodevelopmental patterns in females with ASD. Qualitative comparison across youth and adult studies also supported this hypothesis. However, many studies collapsed across age, which may mask differences. Furthermore, accumulating evidence supports the female protective effect in ASD, although only one study examined brain circuits implicated in “protection.” When synthesized with the broader literature, brain-based sex differences in ASD may come from various sources, including genetic and endocrine processes involved in brain “masculinization” and “feminization” across early development, puberty, and other lifespan windows of hormonal transition. Furthermore, sex-related biology may interact with peripheral processes, in particular the stress axis and brain arousal system, to produce distinct neurodevelopmental patterns in males and females with ASD. Future research on neuroimaging-based sex differences in ASD would benefit from a lifespan approach in well-controlled and multivariate studies. Possible relationships between behavior, sex hormones, and brain development in ASD remain largely unexamined.	1/759	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Predictors of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by individuals with autism spectrum disorder	Presence of an autism spectrum disorder is a risk factor for development of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) exhibited by individuals with developmental disorders. The most salient SIB risk factors historically studied within developmental disorders are level of intellectual disability, communication deficits and presence of specific genetic disorders. Recent SIB research has expanded the search for risk factors to include less commonly studied variables for people with developmental disorders: negative affect, hyperactivity and impulsivity.	1/589	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Face-processing performance is an independent predictor of social affect as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule across large-scale datasets	Face-processing deficits, while not required for the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), have been associated with impaired social skills—a core feature of ASD; however, the strength and prevalence of this relationship remains unclear. Across 445 participants from the NIMH Data Archive, we examined the relationship between Benton Face Recognition Test (BFRT) performance and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Social Affect (ADOS-SA) scores. Lower BFRT scores (worse face-processing performance) were associated with higher ADOS-SA scores (higher ASD severity)–a relationship that held after controlling for other factors associated with face processing, i.e., age, sex, and IQ. These findings underscore the utility of face discrimination, not just recognition of facial emotion, as a key covariate for the severity of symptoms that characterize ASD.	224/445	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Derivation of Quality Measures for Structural Images by Neuroimaging Pipelines	Using the National Database for Autism Research cloud platform, MRI data were analyzed using neuroimaging pipelines that included packages available as part of the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC) Computational Environment to derive standardized measures of MR image quality. Structural QA was performed according to Haselgrove, et al (http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fninf.2014.00052/abstract) to provide values for Signal to Noise (SNR) and Contrast to Noise (CNR) Ratios that can be compared between subjects within NDAR and between other public data releases.	38/423	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Derivation of Brain Structure Volumes from MRI Neuroimages hosted by NDAR using NITRC-CE	A draft publication is in progress. GitHub repository with code for working with NDAR Data is available here: https://github.com/chaselgrove/ndar Note this study is ongoing; additional may be added.	38/356	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Derivation of Quality Measures for Time-Series Images by Neuroimaging Pipelines	Using the National Database for Autism Research cloud platform, MRI data were analyzed using neuroimaging pipelines that included packages available as part of the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC) Computational Environment to derive standardized measures of MR image quality. Time series QA was performed according to Friedman, et al. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16952468) providing values for Signal to Noise Ratio that can be compared to other subjects.	71/356	Secondary Analysis	Shared
The Sensitivity and Specificity of the Social Communication Questionnaire for Autism Spectrum Disorder with Respect to Age	Scientific Abstract The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) assesses communication skills and social functioning in screening for symptoms of autism-spectrum disorder (ASD). The SCQ is recommended for individuals between 4 to 40 years with a cutoff score of 15 for referral. Mixed findings have been reported regarding the recommended cutoff score’s ability to accurately classify an individual as at-risk for ASD (sensitivity) versus an individual as not at-risk for ASD (specificity). Based on a sample from the National Database for Autism Research (n=344; age: 1.58 to 25.92 years old), the present study examined the SCQ’s sensitivity versus specificity across a range of ages. We recommend that the cutoff scores for the SCQ be re-evaluated with age as a consideration. Lay Abstract The age neutrality of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was examined as a common screener for ASD. Mixed findings have been reported regarding the recommended cutoff score’s ability to accurately classify an individual as at-risk for ASD (sensitivity) versus accurately classifying an individual as not at-risk for ASD (specificity). With a sample from the National Database for Autism Research, the present study examined the SCQ’s sensitivity versus specificity. Analyses indicated that the actual sensitivity and specificity scores were lower than initially reported by the creators of the SCQ.	6/339	Secondary Analysis	Shared
Distinctive Neural Processes during Learning in Autism	This functional magnetic resonance imaging study compared the neural activation patterns of 18 high-functioning individuals with autism and 18 IQ-matched neurotypical control participants as they learned to perform a social judgment task. Participants learned to identify liars among pairs of computer-animated avatars uttering the same sentence but with different facial and vocal expressions, namely those that have previously been associated with lying versus truth-telling. Despite showing a behavioral learning effect similar to the control group, the autism group did not show the same pattern of decreased activation in cortical association areas as they learned the task. Furthermore, the autism group showed a significantly smaller increase in interregion synchronization of activation (functional connectivity) with learning than did the control group. Finally, the autism group had decreased structural connectivity as measured by corpus callosum size, and this measure was reliably related to functional connectivity measures. The findings suggest that cortical underconnectivity in autism may constrain the ability of the brain to rapidly adapt during learning.	32/32	Primary Analysis	Shared
The neural basis of deictic shifting in linguistic perspective-taking in high-functioning autism	Personal pronouns, such as 'I' and 'you', require a speaker/listener to continuously re-map their reciprocal relation to their referent, depending on who is saying the pronoun. This process, called 'deictic shifting', may underlie the incorrect production of these pronouns, or 'pronoun reversals', such as referring to oneself with the pronoun 'you', which has been reported in children with autism. The underlying neural basis of deictic shifting, however, is not understood, nor has the processing of pronouns been studied in adults with autism. The present study compared the brain activation pattern and functional connectivity (synchronization of activation across brain areas) of adults with high-functioning autism and control participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging in a linguistic perspective-taking task that required deictic shifting. The results revealed significantly diminished frontal (right anterior insula) to posterior (precuneus) functional connectivity during deictic shifting in the autism group, as well as reliably slower and less accurate behavioural responses. A comparison of two types of deictic shifting revealed that the functional connectivity between the right anterior insula and precuneus was lower in autism while answering a question that contained the pronoun 'you', querying something about the participant's view, but not when answering a query about someone else's view. In addition to the functional connectivity between the right anterior insula and precuneus being lower in autism, activation in each region was atypical, suggesting over reliance on individual regions as a potential compensation for the lower level of collaborative interregional processing. These findings indicate that deictic shifting constitutes a challenge for adults with high-functioning autism, particularly when reference to one's self is involved, and that the functional collaboration of two critical nodes, right anterior insula and precuneus, may play a critical role for deictic shifting by supporting an attention shift between oneself and others.	29/29	Primary Analysis	Shared
Autonomy of lower-level perception from global processing in autism: evidence from brain activation and functional connectivity.	Previous behavioral studies have shown that individuals with autism are less hindered by interference from global processing during the performance of lower-level perceptual tasks, such as finding embedded figures. The primary goal of this study was to examine the brain manifestation of such atypicality in high-functioning autism using fMRI. Fifteen participants with high-functioning autism and fifteen age- and IQ-matched typical controls were asked to perform a lower-level perceptual line-counting task in the presence of a distracting depiction of a 3-D object, in which participants counted whether there were more red or more green contours (In a contrasting 3-D task, participants judged whether the same 3-D stimulus objects (but without color in any contours) depicted a possible or impossible 3-D object). We hypothesized that individuals with autism would be less likely than controls to process the global 3-D information (and would hence show fewer neural signs of such interfering 3-D processing) during the lower-level line-counting task. The fMRI results revealed that in the line-counting task, the autism group did not show the increased medial frontal activity (relative to the possibility task), or the increased functional connectivity between the medial frontal region and posterior visual-spatial regions, demonstrated by the control group. Both findings are indices of lesser effort and difficulty in the line-counting task for the autism group than for the control group, attributed to less interference from the 3-D processing in the autism group. In addition, in the line-counting task, the control group showed a positive correlation between a measure of spatial ability (Vandenberg scores) and activation in the medial frontal region, suggesting that more spatially able control participants did more suppression of the irrelevant 3-D background information in order to focus on the line-counting task. The findings collectively indicate that the global 3-D structure of the figure had a smaller effect, if any, on local processing in the group with autism compared to the control group. The results from this study provide the first direct neural evidence of reduced global-to-local interference in autism.	27/27	Primary Analysis	Shared
Cortical underconnectivity coupled with preserved visuospatial cognition in autism: Evidence from an fMRI study of an embedded figures task.	Individuals with high-functioning autism sometimes exhibit intact or superior performance on visuospatial tasks, in contrast to impaired functioning in other domains such as language comprehension, executive tasks, and social functions. The goal of the current study was to investigate the neural bases of preserved visuospatial processing in high-functioning autism from the perspective of the cortical underconnectivity theory. We used a combination of behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional connectivity, and corpus callosum morphometric methodological tools. Thirteen participants with high-functioning autism and 13 controls (age-, IQ-, and gender-matched) were scanned while performing an Embedded Figures Task. Despite the ability of the autism group to attain behavioral performance comparable to the control group, the brain imaging results revealed several group differences consistent with the cortical underconnectivity account of autism. First, relative to controls, the autism group showed less activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal areas and more activation in visuospatial (bilateral superior parietal extending to inferior parietal and right occipital) areas. Second, the autism group demonstrated lower functional connectivity between higher-order working memory/executive areas and visuospatial regions (between frontal and parietal-occipital). Third, the size of the corpus callosum (an index of anatomical connectivity) was positively correlated with frontal-posterior (parietal and occipital) functional connectivity in the autism group. Thus, even in the visuospatial domain, where preserved performance among people with autism is observed, the neuroimaging signatures of cortical underconnectivity persist.	17/17	Primary Analysis	Shared

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